国内外语言能力量表的描述语特征分析

Descriptors’ Characteristics of Language Ability Scale at Home and Abroad

语言能力量表是评价语言能力的重要依据,采用定量与定性相结合的研究方法比较分析《中国英语能力等级量表》(CSE)、《欧洲语言共同参考框架:学习、教学、评估》(CEFR)、《加拿大语言等级标准》(CLB)、《跨部门语言圆桌量表》(ILR)、《美国外语教学委员会量表》(ACTFL)和《国际汉语能力标准》6个语言能力量表的描述语。定量分析发现,汉语能力量表在各等级平均细度和细度差上远低于其他量表,听、说、读、写为各量表的核心描述参数。定性分析发现,除CLB外,其余量表的描述语不具有等级蕴含关系,能做描述模式和肯定表达形式为目前量表的主流描述形式,当前的量表大多缺少定量要求。

Language ability scale is an important basis for the evaluation of language competence. This paper compares and analyses the descriptors in CSE, CEFR, CLB, ILR, ACTFL and Chinese Language Proficiency Scales for Speakers of Other Languages in the guidance of quantitative and qualitative paradigm. Quantitative study finds that the scale for Chinese ability is far lower in the average fineness and fineness deviation than that of other scales;listening, speaking, reading and writing skills are core parameters of all the scales. Qualitative analysis reveals that all scales except CLB do not have hierarchical implication relationship;"Can-do"descriptions and affirmative expressions are the mainstream descriptions among the scales;most of the scales mentioned in this paper lack quantitative requirements.