西科恢水稻品质性状遗传分析

Genetic Analysis of Quality Traits in Xikehui Rice

【目的】探究西科恢系列水稻品质性状遗传特性。【方法】以西科恢2928、西科恢768、西科恢4761、蜀恢498、雅恢2115为父本,以冈46A、内5A、宜香1A、B2A为母本,按不完全双列杂交法配制20(4×5)个杂交组合,并对其直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量以及RVA谱特征值进行测定。【结果】(1)参试杂交组合的稻米直链淀粉含量、消减值、崩解值、回复值的变异系数较大,依次为61.26%、51.28%、36.53%、21.07%,具有较大的改良潜力;(2)西科恢2928、西科恢4761、宜香1A、内5A的品质性状一般配合力较好,利用其配组,可以选配出品质性状优良的杂交水稻组合,如内5A×西科恢2928,直链淀粉含量为21.63%,蛋白质含量为11.15%,具有较好的品质性状;(3)组合间方差、特殊配合力方差差异极显著,表明品质性状既受到亲本的遗传加性效应影响,又受到环境因素的制约;(4)各品质性状基因型方差贡献率分析表明,直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、糊化温度、热浆黏度、冷胶黏度、回复值受亲本基因加性效应影响较大,峰值黏度、崩解值、消减值受环境因素影响较大。【结论】在选育品质优良的杂交水稻组合时,既要选用优良的亲本进行配组,同时需要考虑到当地环境条件的影响。

【Objective】The study was to investigate the genetic characteristics of quality traits in Xikehui rice.【Method】Taking Xikehui 2928,Xikehui 4761,Shuhui 498,Yahui 2115 as male parents,and Gang 46A,Nei 5A,Yixiang 2115 as female parents,20(4×5)hybrid combinations were generated by incomplete diallel cross method,and amylose content,protein content and RVA profile properties of these hybrid combinations were determined.【Result】(1)The variation coefficients of amylose content,setback value,breakdown value and consistence value of the tested combinations were relatively big,which were 61.26%,51.28%,36.53%and 21.07%respectively,indicating a great improvement potential for these traits.(2)The parents of Xikehui 2928,Xikehui 4761,Yixiang 1A and Nei 5A had preferable general combining ability and could be selected to produce hybrid rice combinations with good quality traits.For example,the amylose content of the hybrid combination“Nei 5A×Xikehui 2928”was 21.63%,and the protein content was 11.15%.(3)The extremely significant differences in inter-cross variance and variance of special combining ability indicated that the quality traits were not only affected by the genetic additive effects of the parents,but also restricted by environmental factors.(4)The analysis on variance contribution rate of each trait genotype showed that,the amylose content,protein content,gelatinization temperature,hot paste viscosity,cold paste viscosity and consistence value were significantly affected by the additive effect of parental genes,while the peak viscosity,breakdown value and setback value were significantly affected by the environmental factors.【Conclusion】When selecting and breeding hybrid rice combinations with good quality,we should not only select excellent parents for mating,but also take into account the influence of local environment.