含多种营养元素的高分子缓释化肥制备及应用效果研究

Study on Preparation and Application Effect of Polymer Slow-release Fertilizers Containing Multiple Nutrients

【目的】研制制备简单、效果优良且含多种营养元素的缓释肥料。【方法】在前期开发的含氮磷钾生物降解高分子缓释肥PSRF的基础上引入硅酸钠,制备了含有氮、磷、钾和硅元素的高分子缓释硅肥(Si-PSRF)。通过FTIR、XRD、TG等表征手段结合番茄盆栽试验,研究了硅酸钠的引入对Si-PSRF的组成结构、元素缓释性能和番茄产量的影响。【结果】结构表征表明,Si-PSRF包含的硅酸凝胶和较多短链PSRF影响了肥料养分释放特性;番茄盆栽试验表明,与PSRF处理相比,Si-PSRF处理的氮、磷利用效率和番茄产量分别提升了185.65%、128.57%和24.01%。【结论】在PSRF中引入硅酸钠可提高番茄植株对营养元素的吸收利用率,提高番茄产量,适合在实际农业活动中作为肥料使用。

【Objective】The study was to develop a slow-release fertilizer that is simple and effective,and contains multiple nutrients.【Method】On the basis of PSRF,a biodegradable polymer slow-release fertilizer containing nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium elements developed earlier,a polymer slow-release silicon fertilizer(Si-PSRF)containing nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and silicon elements was prepared by introducing sodium silicate.Through FTIR,XRD,TG and other characterization methods combined with tomato pot experiments,effects of the introduced sodium silicate on composition and structure of Si-PSRF,slow-release performance of elements and tomato yield were studied.【Result】Structural characterization showed that the silicic acid gel and more short-chain PSRF contained in Si-PSRF affected the nutrient release characteristics of fertilizers.Tomato pot experiment showed that,the nitrogen and phosphorus utilization efficiency and tomato yield under Si-PSRF treatment increased by 185.65%,128.57%and 24.01%respectively compared with those under PSRF treatment.【Conclusion】The introduction of sodium silicate into PSRF can promote the absorption and utilization rate of nutrient elements in tomato plants and increase the tomato yields,which is suitable to be used as fertilizer in practical agricultural activities.