欧里庇得斯的狄奥尼索斯--《酒神的伴侣》对“酒神入侵希腊”事件的文学解释

Euripides’s Dionysus:The Bacchae and the Reception of Dionysiac Religion into Greece

关于酒神宗教进入希腊的历史自古众说纷纭。狄奥尼索斯向来被认为是希腊宗教的"入侵者",但令人惊讶的是,这位入侵者通过艰苦卓绝的斗争进入希腊之后便成为希腊奥林匹斯主神之一,备受尊崇。古希腊史学家希罗多德、修辞学家泡塞尼阿斯、哲学家柏拉图等人都对酒神进入希腊这一历史事件提出过不同见解。悲剧家欧里庇得斯则通过戏剧的方式对此事件作出了文学的解释。不同于历史,欧里庇得斯的悲剧不仅揭示了酒神受希腊抗拒以及后来为希腊所接受的原因,而且,他还通过富有张力的戏剧行动进一步阐释了酒神必须进入希腊的意义。通过《酒神的伴侣》,我们可以窥见作为一种文学体裁的悲剧与历史的复杂关系:一方面,它通过叙事的基本元素与历史事件相连接;另一方面,它超越了历史的时空,在特定的、封闭的舞台场所,对历史事件作出了深刻的反思。

The reception of Dionysiac religion into Greece is always an issue of debate. Euripides also took part in this discussion and expressed his view through a tragedy. Unlike historical writing,Euripides’ s play not only shows the reason for Greeks’ rejection and reception of Dionysus,but also,through tensional tragic actions,indicates the great significance and necessity of Dionysus’ coming into Greece. Through The Bacchae,we can investigate the complex relationship between history and tragedy as a genre: on the one hand,tragedy is connected to history through some basic narrative elements,and on the other hand,tragedy,in going beyond history,forms a reflective thought about historical events on its dramatic stage.