词典编纂系统性原则下中医双语词典的宏观结构

Macro-structure of bilingual traditional Chinese medicine dictionaries under systematic principle of lexicography

研究以词典编纂的首要原则-系统性原则为指导,从中医学科专业知识体系和词典编纂体系系统分析8部代表性中医双语词典宏观结构的收词立目、编排及索引表。研究发现,中医双语词典宏观结构尚有不足之处:收词立目数量、来源、种类、比例及层次各异,易造成收词立目缺乏系统性;多数词典正文采用音序/形序编排,不利于使用者查询相关词目、构建系统的中医概念;索引表位置不规范、种类较单一,缺乏多渠道检索手段。建议收词上以中医专业术语为主,词目来源可靠专业、词目种类和数量配比合理调配;立目上根据中医术语特点,收录词、词组、句子;编排上按义序编排为主,文后辅以多维索引表。

Based on the systematic principle,the primary principle of dictionary compilation,this paper analyzed the macro-structure of eight representative bilingual traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)dictionaries in terms of entries,arrangement of entries and indexes from the perspectives of TCM knowledge and lexicography system.The findings showed the following existing problems:unsystematic entries due to various standardizations of entry quantity,source,proportion and level;inconvenient searching and inefficient learning due to phonetic/shape order arrangement;lack of adequate searching approaches due to improper index locations and inadequate indexes.A well-structured bilingual TCM dictionary firstly should be TCM terminology-oriented with reliable entries sources,balanced types and proper proportion.Also,it should incorporate terms,phrases and sentences to characterize its TCM feature.Finally,sematic arrangement of entries is recommended to guarantee best productive searching outcomes possible and various types of indexes should be offered at the end of the dictionary.