基于游客消费行为的旅游生态足迹实证研究--以北京市入境游客为例

An Empirical Study on Touristic Ecological Footprint Based on Tourist Consumption Behavior--A Case Study of Beijing Inbound Tourists

发展旅游业有助于推动当地社会经济发展,但也会带来负向效应,引发生态环境问题。基于此,文章结合旅游生态足迹模型,以北京市2010~2017年入境游客为例,对其旅游生态足迹进行了动态跟踪。研究结果显示,北京市入境游客人均生态足迹以年均2.5%的速度增长,总体上升趋势明显,且于2017年达到人均0.1870hm^2的峰值,这充分说明入境旅游生态足迹是导致区域生态赤字扩大的重要因素之一。分析旅游生态足迹结构可知,其中74.3%为交通生态足迹,该账户居于绝对主导地位,其次是住宿账户和购物账户,而废弃物生态足迹的面积最小,仅占到0.1%的份额。此外,北京市入境游客的生态足迹效率较高,单位均值为6611美元/hm^2,是全球平均值的5.98倍,反映了北京市入境旅游经济的高效性。文章提出北京市应致力于提升区域生态承载力、扩大入境游客生态足迹效率、倡导节约型的旅游发展模式等政策建议,目的在于减缓入境旅游对生态环境的冲击,推动旅游业的可持续发展。

The development of tourism has greatly promoted the local economic and social progress, but at the same time, it has also brought the negative effects and caused ecological and environmental problems. Based on the Touristic Ecological Footprint(TEF)model, this paper takes Beijing inbound tourists during 2010 to 2017 as an example to track their touristic ecological footprint dynamically. The research results show that the per capita ecological footprint of inbound tourists in Beijing has been growing at an average annual rate of 2.7%, with an obvious overall upward trend, and reached a peak of 0.1870 hm^2 in 2017, which fully indicates that the ecological footprint of inbound tourism is one of the important factors leading to the expansion of regional ecological deficit. Further analysis shows that, in the composition of TEF structure, the traffic account occupies an absolute dominant position, accounting for 74.3%, followed by accommodation account and shopping account, and the waste disposal ecological footprint area is the smallest, accounting for only 0.1%. Besides, the ecological footprint efficiency of inbound tourists in Beijing is relatively high, with a unit average of 6611 USD/hm^2, which is 5.98 times of the global average, reflecting the high efficiency of Beijing’s inbound tourism economy. Finally, it is suggested that Beijing should make efforts to improve the regional ecological carrying capacity, expand the ecological footprint efficiency of inbound tourists, and advocate the economical tourism development model, so as to mitigate the impact of inbound tourism on the ecological environment and promote the sustainable development of tourism.