山东省水果产业集群集中度和竞争力分析--以烟台苹果、莱阳梨和大泽山葡萄为例

Analysis on Concentratation and Competitiveness of Fruit Industry Clusters in Shandong Province--Taking Yantai Apple, Laiyang Pear and Dazeshan Grape as Examples

文章选取了2017~2019年数据进行纵向分析,运用集中度及竞争力指标对山东省3个水果产业集群进行横向分析,得出山东省3个产业集群的综合排名;利用因子分析法分析影响水果产业集群竞争力的关键指标,获取准确的综合排名。结果显示,从集中化程度来看,由高到低依次是烟台苹果、莱阳梨、大泽山葡萄;从竞争力角度看,2019年烟台苹果综合比较优势为1.72,具有绝对竞争优势;大泽山葡萄综合比较优势为1.54,竞争力较弱;莱阳梨为综合比较优势0.76,竞争力最弱。经验性结果表明:(1)提高商品化程度是获得竞争力的主要因素,集中度的贡献作用是逐年增强的;(2)规模化程度与竞争力水平呈正相关的线性关系;(3)只有同时提高产业的商品化和规模化,竞争力水平才能持续提升。最后提出加强山东省水果产业集群集中度和竞争力的对策建议。

This paper selects the data from 2017 to 2019 for vertical analysis, uses the concentration and competitiveness indicators to analyze the concentration and competitiveness of three fruit industry clusters in Shandong Province horizontally, and obtains the ranking of three industrial clusters in Shandong Province;uses factor analysis to analyze the key indicators affecting the competitiveness of fruit industry clusters, and obtains the accurate ranking of three fruit industry clusters. The results show that from the perspective of concentration, Yantai apple, Laiyang pear and Daze grape are in order from high to low;from the perspective of competitiveness, the comprehensive comparative advantage of Yantai apple in 2019 is 1.72, with absolute competitive advantage;Dazeshan grape is 1.54, with weak competitiveness;Laiyang pear is 0.76, with the weakest competitiveness. The empirical results show that:(1)Increasing the degree of commercialization is the main factor to obtain competitiveness, and the contribution of concentration is increasing year by year;(2)The degree of scale is positively related to the level of competitiveness;(3)Only when the degree of commercialization and scale are increased at the same time, the level of competitiveness can be improved all the time. Finally, the paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for strengthen the concentration and competitiveness of fruit industry clusters in Shandong Province.