摘要
新中国成立70周年,我国体育事业取得了举世瞩目的成就。运动员养老保险制度进入社会保险阶段,但当前社会化的养老保险制度并不能解决运动员养老保障不平衡、不充分的问题。运动员养老保障的主要矛盾出现于退役之后,由此就运动员退役前后展开两分法四象限的制度研究。发现运动员的养老保险制度于退役前存在因试训期间运动员身份不明确导致养老保险制度适用困难;试训制度中断,养老保险制度发生异化;全生命周期保障视阈下以职业培训为核心的社会支持体系后置等问题。退役后运动员养老保险制度存在保障范围限缩导致制度目标偏离,运动员社会补偿理论阙如,以及因养老保险法律规范体系不健全导致的保障乏力等问题。在考察域外经验的基础上,应通过改革试训期间运动员的身份法律制度、协调试训与养老保险制度,以及通过前置职业培训制度完善社会支持体系,改善退役前的养老保险制度;并通过伤病退役运动员的归入、社会补偿理论的拓补,以及运动员养老保险法律制度的修缮,实现运动员退役后养老保险制度的重构。
On the 70 th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, China has made remarkable achievements in sports. The athlete pension insurance system entered the current stage of social insurance after going through the period of national security and system absence. However, the current social endowment insurance system can not meet the requirements for the athlete’s pension system from the aspect of balance and adequate. The main contradiction of the pension security for athletes appears after retirement, so the system research on the four quadrants of dichotomy before and after retirement is necessary. It is found that there are difficulties in the application of endowment insurance system before retirement due to the unclear identity of athletes during trial training. The trial training system interrupts the pension insurance system and dissimilates, and the social support system with vocational training as the core is post-located from the perspective of full life cycle support. After retirement,there are some problems in the old-age insurance system of athletes, such as the limitation of the security scope, the deviation of the system goal, the lack of the theory of social compensation for athletes, and the lack of security due to the imperfection of the legal system of the old-age insurance. On the basis of investigating overseas experience, the pension insurance system before retirement should be improved by reforming the legal system of the athletes’ identity during the trial training, coordinating the trial training and pension insurance system, and improving the social support system through the pre-vocational training system. It is also necessary to reconstructs the pension system of retired athletes through re-entered the pension insurance system, the expansion of social compensation theory and the improvement of the legal system of pension insurance for retired athletes.
作者
田蒙蒙
TIAN Mengmeng(School of Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)
出处
《体育科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第4期78-89,共12页
China Sport Science
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目(19CFX050)
武汉大学研究生出国(境)交流专项经费资助项目。
关键词
运动员
养老保险
伤病退休
理论拓补
制度重构
athletes
pension system
retirement from injury
theoretical extension
institutional reconstruction