水痘的流行特征与防控策略研究进展

Research progress in epidemiological characteristics and prevention and control strategies of varicella

水痘是由水痘-带状疱疹病毒初次感染引起的急性呼吸道传染病,属于我国法定报告管理及重点监测传染病,具有传染性强,潜伏期长(以14~16 d为多见,最长达21 d),且潜伏期内有传染性的特点。水痘易在学校和托幼机构等集体单位引起流行,是引起传染病类突发公共卫生事件和学校突发公共卫生事件最主要传染病之一。当学校发生水痘疫情时,严重影响学校正常的教学秩序和儿童的身心健康,并造成经济负担。目前水痘尚无特效药物治疗,接种水痘减毒活疫苗是预防和控制水痘发生流行最有效、最经济的措施。因此本文就水痘的流行特征和防控策略等方面进行综述。

Varicella is an acute respiratory infection disease,caused by the first infection of varicella-zoster-virus, which belongs to China’s statutory report management and infectious diseases of priority monitoring. It has the characteristics of strong infectivity,long incubation period(14-16 d is the most common,up to 21d), and infectivity in the incubation period. Varicella is easy to cause epidemic in schools, kindergartens and other collective units, it is one of the most important infectious diseases that cause public health emergencies of infections diseases and public health emergencies in schools. When there is an epidemic situation of varicella in schools, it seriously affects the normal teaching order of the school and the physical and mental health of children, and causes economic burdens. At present, there is no specific drug treatment for varicella, vaccination of live attenuated varicella vaccine is the most effective and economic measure to prevent and control the occurrence of varicella. Therefore, this paper reviews the epidemiological characteristics and prevention and control strategies of varicella.