幽灵捕捞的现状分析与国内外研究进展

Status analysis of ghost fishing and its domestic and foreign advances

废弃渔具(ALDFG)像幽灵一样长期在海洋中飘荡,导致一些海洋生物被网具缠绕而死,对渔业资源造成持续危害,形成“幽灵捕捞”现象。废弃渔具类型主要包括陷阱、刺网、拖网等。通过探讨造成幽灵捕捞的原因,总结了幽灵捕捞的现状和国内外研究进展;针对容易形成幽灵捕捞的渔具种类,介绍了ALDFG的结构与捕捞作业机理,阐述了陷阱、刺网、拖网等的幽灵捕捞过程,并对各种渔具造成的幽灵捕捞的影响进行了评估。最后总结目前对幽灵捕捞渔具的预防和应对措施,提出了减少幽灵捕捞的方法和建议。

The abandoned,lost or otherwise derelict fishing gears can cause persistent harm to marine life in the ocean and forms ghost fishing,which mainly includes traps,gill nets and trawls.The causes of ghost fishing were discussed,the status and research progress on ghost fishing at home and abroad were summarized.Also,the structure and the fishing operation mechanism of the types of fishing gears that were easy to form ghost fishing were introduced.And the ghost fishing process of traps,gill nets,trawls,were described,and the impacts of various fishing gears on ghost fishing were evaluated.Therefore,the current measures for the prevention of ghost fishing and the clearing of ALDFG were summarized,and the methods and measures to reduce ghost fishing based on the reasons of ghost fishing were proposed,in order to provide a reference for the prevention of ghost fishing.