川麦冬药材的等级评价标准分析

Analysis of Grading Evaluation Standard of Ophiopogonis Radix from Sichuan Province

目的:通过对川麦冬药材多种质控指标的检测和分析,探索该药材性状与内在质量之间的关联性,为川麦冬药材等级标准的制定提供参考。方法:对28批不同等级川麦冬药材(一等品、二等品、三等品和统货)开展性状检查、显微和薄层鉴别、水分、灰分、酸不溶性灰分、二氧化硫残留量、重金属和有害元素残留量、多效唑残留量、水溶性浸出物、总皂苷含量及3种主要成分(麦冬皂苷D,甲基麦冬黄烷酮A,甲基麦冬黄烷酮B)含量测定,分析各项指标与川麦冬药材等级之间的相关性。结果:川麦冬药材在性状、显微特征和薄层色谱方面均具有专属性特征,川麦冬药材的杂质、水分、灰分、酸不溶性灰分和水溶性浸出物在不同等级之间存在一定差异性。川麦冬一等品每50 g药材含80~120粒,水分11.1%~14.9%,灰分1.6%~2.1%,酸不溶性灰分0.03%~0.14%,水溶性浸出物77.0%~86.5%;二等品每50 g药材含120~160粒,水分13.1%~14.2%,灰分1.3%~2.2%,酸不溶性灰分0.06%~0.22%,水溶性浸出物75.9%~83.3%;三等品每50 g药材含160~300粒,杂质0.2%~8.4%,水分12.6%~14.0%,灰分1.2%~1.5%,酸不溶性灰分0.06%~0.22%,水溶性浸出物74.0%~86.5%;统货每50 g药材含80~300粒,杂质1.2%~22.6%,水分13.0%~15.4%,灰分1.4%~2.0%,酸不溶性灰分0.03%~0.15%,水溶性浸出物79.8%~85.2%。结论:川麦冬药材以每50 g所含粒数等外观性状并结合杂质、浸出物等内在指标进行等级划分具有一定合理性和可行性,可作为川麦冬药材等级标准的参考。

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the characteristics and internal quality of Ophiopogonis Radix from Sichuan province through various quality evaluation,and provide reference for the formulation of grading standard of this herb.Method:For 28 batches of Ophiopogonis Radix,the characters,microscopic characteristics,thin-layer chromatography(TLC),the content of moisture,ash content,acid insoluble ash content,residues of sulfur dioxide,heavy metals,hazardous elements and paclobutrazol,water-soluble extract,contents of total saponins and three major components[ophiopogonin D(OPD),methylophiopogonanone A(MPOA)and methylophiopogonanone B(MPOB)]were determined.The relationships between various indicators and the grade of Ophiopogonis Radix were analyzed.Result:Ophiopogonis Radix exhibited specific properties in characters,microscopic characteristics and TLC.The contents of impurity,moisture,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and water-soluble extract existed differences in four grades of Ophiopogonis Radix from Sichuan province.For gradeⅠ,grain number was 80-120 grains per 50 g,the moisture content was 11.1%-14.9%,total ash content was 1.6%-2.1%,acid-insoluble ash content was 0.03%-0.14%,water-soluble extract content was 77.0%-86.5%.For grade Ⅱ,grain number was 120-160 grains per 50 g,the moisture content was 13.1%-14.2%,total ash content was 1.3%-2.2%,acid-insoluble ash content was 0.06%-0.22%,water-soluble extract content was 75.9%-83.3%.For grade Ⅲ,grain number was 160-300 grains per 50 g,the impurity was 0.2%-8.4%,the moisture content was 12.6%-14.0%,total ash content was 1.2%-1.5%,acid-insoluble ash content was 0.06%-0.22%,water-soluble extract content was 74.0%-86.5%.For gradeⅣ,grain number was 80-300 grains per 50 g,impurity was 1.2%-22.6%,the moisture content was 13.0%-15.4%,the total ash content was 1.4%-2.0%,acid-insoluble ash content was 0.03%-0.15%,water-soluble extract content was 79.8%-85.2%.Conclusion:It is reasonable and feasible to classify the grade of Ophiopogonis Radix from Sichuan province according to the appearance characteristics such as the grain number per 50 g and internal indexes such as impurity and water-soluble extract,which can be used as a reference for grading standards of Ophiopogonis Radix from Sichuan province.