国立大学时期之清华校园规划与建设溯考

A Historical Survey of Campus Planning and Construction of National Tsing Hua University, 1929-1937 and 1946-1948

以国立清华大学时期,即1928年8月-1937年7月和1946年10月-1948年底这两段时间内的清华校园建设为研究对象,缕述重要的建设及其影响,着重论述罗家伦和梅贻琦两位校长的治校方针和建设成果,并分析清华学术发展与校园建设间的密切关联。罗家伦时代主要的建设成就有两条:"四大建筑"的兴建及制定了1930年新规划,梅贻琦则以既有规划为基础,修订了之前"三年建筑计划",尤其注重新兴工程学科的发展,并兴修相应馆舍与相适应。同时,对教职工住宅的兴建也特加关注,最终推动了清华学术的空前发展。在这一时期的校园建设中,由罗发其端,而梅总其成,奠定了清华的校园格局。1946年复校后则仅新建胜因院住宅,但因兴办农学院使校址扩大到颐和园以东。系统清理此一段校园建设历史,补充了清华校史研究中的若干不足,也能更深刻理解清华校园建设与学术发展的关系。

The paper studies the campus design and construction of the period of National Tsing Hua University(1928-1937 and 1946-1948), with an emphasis on the policies and accomplishments of two presidents, i.e Luo Jialun and Mei Yiqi, to analyze the relations between academic development of the university and her physical construction. Luo’s accomplishments include completion of four grand buildings and the making of the new campus planning scheme in 1930, while Mei followed Luo’s strategic plan to revise previous "Three-Year Construction Plan" with a remarkable emphasis on engineering subjects. Meanwhile, Mei also paid much attention to the construction of residents for faculty on campus, which in turn attracted renowned professors to the university. For this period, Luo initiated the construction and decided on the track of its development, while Mei epitomized the period of campus construction and earned him high reputation as Tsing Hua’s most respectable president. When students and faculty returned to school in 1946, only a few projects were realized, not comparable to the previous period. However, the area of the university expanded further from the Old Summer Palace to the east side of Summer Palace. A systematic study on campus construction of the two periods compliments our knowledge of Tsinghua’s historical development and deepens our understandings of the relations between campus construction and academic development.