美国21世纪环境正义运动进展研究

Study on the Development of American Environmental Justice Movement in the 21st Century

美国环境正义运动自1982年发起以来,已走过38年的发展历程。21世纪之前,该运动重心主要放在环境风险的认证、评估和分配方面。进入21世纪以来,环境正义运动在范式、策略、内涵和风险评估方法等四个方面取得了长足进展,逐渐由一场有色人种草根组织领导的社区运动发展成一个跨国、跨种族、跨文化、跨阶级的全球性运动。然而,21世纪运动发展依然存在以下挑战:无法撕除环境种族主义的标签;无法避免总统换届选举带来的波动;无法规避环境立法缺失导致的败诉。本文通过分析美国环境正义运动在21世纪的进展和挑战,旨在丰富对环境正义运动的现有研究,对环境正义的最终达成起到一点建设性作用。

Since its initiation in 1982,American Environmental Justice Movement(EJM)has embraced 38 years of development.Before 21st century,EJM put its emphasis on the identification,evaluation and distribution of environmental risks.In the 21st century,EJM has made tremendous improvements in its paradigm,strategy,connotation as well as environmental impact assessment approaches.Therefore,EJM has evolved from a community movement led by people of color from grassroots groups to a global movement that bears transnational,transethnic,cross-cultural and cross-class characteristics.However,EJM still faces the following challenges.Firstly,it still could not shed the tag of environmental racism;secondly,its development still witnesses fluctuation with the presidential election in every four years;thirdly,the lack of federal environmental justice laws still results in failed litigations.By analyzing the improvements and challenges faced by EJM in the 21st century,this thesis is dedicated to enriching the present research of EJM,and hope to provide some constructive suggestions to the final achievement of environmental justice.