城市微观空间感知对居民健康影响研究--以天津市和平区3个历史街区为例

Study on the impact of urban micro-spatial perception on residents health:A case study in three historic blocks of Heping District of Tianjin

微观建成环境对人的活动影响最为直接,微观尺度下对居民健康产生影响的空间要素及其影响机制的明晰,将有助于城市健康空间策略的制定与居民健康水平的提升。文章以天津市和平区3个历史街区为例,利用地理加权回归和二元Logistic回归建立模型,量化分析了视觉要素、空间组合等微观建成环境要素与居民健康间的关系。结果表明:微观空间感知要素能对居民健康水平产生影响,街道贴线变化率存在影响阈值;空间感知要素对身体质量指数BMI的影响更强,居民背景属性是主导糖尿病和高血压的致病因素;建筑布局离散度和三维集聚度指数在3个街区中都是影响居民BMI的因子;空间感知要素影响居民健康的机制包括街道视线的渗透、街道界面的引导、街区功能的协调以及构造街区空间的丰富性、层次感、愉悦感、私密感等。

Micro built environment has the most direct impact on people s activities.The clarity of spatial factors that can affect residents health and their impact mechanismt and impact mechanism will contribute to the formulation of urban health spatial strategy and the improvement of residents health level.Taking three historical districts in Heping District of Tianjin as an example,this paper uses geographical weighted regression and binary logistic regression to establish a model,and analyzes quantitatively the relationship between micro built environmental elements such as visual elements and spatial combination and residents health.It is found that the micro-spatial perception factors can affect the residents health level,and the street labeling change rate has threshold ofinfluence.The influence of spatial perception factors on BMI is stronger than that of residents economic and social background.Residents background attribute is the leading cause of diabetes and hypertension.The dispersion degree and three-dimensional agglomeration degree index of building layout are the factors that affect the BMI of residents in three blocks.The mechanism of spatial perception factors affecting residents health includes the penetration of street vision,the guidance of street interface,the coordination of block functions,and the ways to construct the richness,hierarchy,pleasure and privacy of block space.