德国铁路应急救援体系经验借鉴及启示

Experience and Enlightenment of German Railway Emergency Rescue System

德国铁路以国家应急救援体系为基础,建立起制度完善、组织协调、分工合理、装备先进的铁路救援体系,为我国铁路应急救援体系建设提供借鉴。通过分析德国应急救援组织及机构、铁路应急救援体系架构、铁路应急响应流程和铁路救援装备的现状,从应急救援顶层设计、快速应急救援响应流程、装备利用效率等方面,提出德国铁路应急救援体系经验。我国应从强化应急救援社会协同能力,优化突发事件应急响应流程,提高铁路救援起重机综合利用效率、提升应急救援装备水平等方面构建铁路应急救援体系。

German railway has established a railway rescue system with optimal functions,coordinated organization,reasonable division of roles,and advanced equipment based on national emergency rescue system,which provides a reference for the construction of China’s railway emergency rescue system.This paper analyzes the German emergency rescue organizations and institutions,the architecture of railway emergency rescue system,the railway emergency response process,and the current situation of railway rescue equipment.It puts forward some experience gained from the top-level design,rapid emergency response process,equipment utilization efficiency and other aspects of German railway emergency rescue system,to construct the railway emergency rescue system in China from following aspects:strengthening the social coordination ability of emergency rescue,optimizing the emergency response process,improving the overall utilization efficiency of railway rescue crane,and improving the level of emergency rescue equipment.