浅谈能力导向体系下的工科有限元教学

Brief Study on the Teaching of Finite Element Method in Engineering under the Ability-oriented System

有限元方法已经成为现代工程研发和设计的重要工具,大部分高等院校的工科专业都将有限元方法列为本科生专业必修或选修课程。针对有限元方法理论复杂、内容广泛与教学课时有限的矛盾,如何提高其教学效果成为一个亟待解决的问题。本文从优化理论教学内容、强调实践环节和综合考查教学效果等方面探索有限元课程的教学方法。首先要凝练有限元课程的主干内容,将核心思想和关键概念贯穿于整个课程,注意应用有限元方法的规范统一性。强调有限元软件的实践应用,让学生掌握软件的基本使用方法、培养分析简化实际工程问题的能力,是实践教学的主要目标。最后,从理论和实践应用两方面合理考查教学效果,是实现学生掌握有限元方法核心思想、基本理论和实际应用多重目标的必要手段。

The finite element method(FEM)together with its software application has become an important tool for modern engineering development and design.Most engineering majors in colleges and universities include FEM as a compulsory or elective course for undergraduates.Aiming at the contradiction between the wide content of the FEM theories and the limited teaching time,how to improve the teaching effect of FEM has become an urgent problem to be solved and explored.This paper discusses the teaching methods of FEM from the aspects of optimizing theoretical teaching content,emphasizing practical links and comprehensively examining teaching effects.First of all,we must consolidate the main content of the FEM courses.During the process of teaching,we should emphasize the core ideas and key concepts throughout the entire curriculum,and pay attention to summarizing and applying the normative unity of FEM.It is the main goal of practical teaching to let students master the basic use of software and cultivate the ability to analyze and simplify practical engineering problems.Finally,comprehensive and reasonable examination of teaching effects from both theoretical and practical applications is a necessary means to achieve the multiple objectives,that is,how to let students master the core ideas,basic theories and practical application of FEM.