非常规战争与战争形态的演变

Irregular Warfare and the Evolution of Warfare Form

进入21世纪以来,非常规战争成为国际社会关注的焦点。在理论谱系上,学术界已经对非常规战争的内在本质、基本特征和行为模式进行了深入研究,提出了一些富有创见的理论。在这些研究的基础上,作者认为非常规战争所呈现出的形态及其战略战术与以往相比有了重要变化,凸显了克劳塞维茨式战争逻辑之外的一面,即战争中的弱者通过非常规方式增强自我力量、通过非常规方式向国家行为体施加成本来战胜强者的隐性逻辑。基于这种隐性逻辑,从非国家行为体的视角重新审视战争,可以发现非常规战争中的作战方式已经使得战争形态发生了四点巨大变化:战争的形态越来越不清晰、战争的胜负之分变得模糊、战争正变得越来越扁平化以及战争伦理受到侵蚀。当前的大国竞争并不会削弱非常规战争的地位,在某种程度上甚至会凸显其独特战略意义。因此,探究非常规战争的隐性逻辑,既有助于我们理解战争形态的变化,也有利于国家行为体据此调整相关战略战术。

Since the 21st century,irregular warfare has become the focus of the whole world.In terms of theoretical pedigree,the academia has conducted in-depth research on the nature,characteristics and patterns of irregular warfare,and put forward some valuable theories.On the basis of these studies,the author believes that the form of irregular warfare and the consequent tactics have changed significantly compared with the past,highlighting the other side of the logic of Clausewitz's theory,that is,the hidden logic that the weaker actors in the war strengthen themselves and impose costs on state actors to defeat the stronger through unconventional ways.Based on implicit logic,from the perspective of non-state actors,we can reexamine the warfare,and find that the way of fight in the irregular warfare has made four changes of war,that is,the form of war is becoming more and more unclear,the difference between the victory and defeat of the war is becoming fuzzy,the war is becoming much more flat,and the war ethics are being eroded.Therefore,to explore the hidden logic of irregular warfare will help us to understand the change of war form,and also help the state actors adjust their strategies and tactics accordingly.