不同生态措施苹果园主要害虫及天敌发生特征

Comparison of the main pest insects and their natural enemies in apple orchards with different pest control methods

【目的】昆虫多样性作为生物多样性的重要组成部分,在农业生态系统中发挥重要的生物控害与传粉功能。【方法】对山东烟台3种不同防控措施的苹果园,即普通生物防治区、功能植物调控区和化学防控区进行了为期2年(2018-2019)的害虫和天敌种群调查,比较了3种不同生态措施苹果园主要害虫、天敌发生特征。【结果】发现生防区、功能植物区的绣线菊蚜Aphis citricola Vander Goot、金纹细蛾Lithocolletis ringoniella Mats.、苹果全爪螨Panonychus ulmi(Koch)发生数量比化防区都高,而其内的异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis、中华通草蛉Chrysoperla sinica(Tjeder)、食蚜蝇Syrphidae发生数量明显比化防区高。【结论】功能植物区和生防区的天敌数量均高于化防区,在一定程度上可抑制害虫发生的种群密度;而化防区内进行化学防治控制主要害虫的同时,也对天敌数量产生一定的负影响,其害虫种群数量波动较大,容易暴发成灾。

[Objectives]Insect diversity is an important component of biodiversity and plays a necessary role in bio-control and pollination.[Methods]During 2018-2019,we investigated the abundance of the main pest insects and their natural enemies in apple orchards with three different pest control methods;biological control(BC),functional plants(FP)to provide habitat for natural predators and chemical control(CC).[Results]We found that the abundance of the main pest insects,such as Aphis citricola,Panonychus ulmi and Lithocolletis ringoniella,in BC and FP apple orchards was much higher than in CC orchards.However,the abundance of natural predators of these pests,such as Harmonia axyridis,Chrysoperla sinicaand members of the Syrphidae,was also higher in FP and BC orchards than in CC orchards.[Conclusion]FP and BC can reduce the population density of pest insects in apple orchards.Although CC can keep pest insects at low numbers,it also suppresses their natural predators and CC orchards had greater fluctuations in pest abundance than BC and FP orchards.