创业学习对新创企业成长的影响机制研究

Research on the Impact Mechanism of Entrepreneurial Learning on New Ventures Growth

随着创业活动在全国范围内的广泛开展,新创企业的成长面临诸多问题,许多新创企业在早期成长阶段便会夭折,因此探讨如何促进新创企业成长极为必要。已有研究普遍认为创业学习对于企业绩效的提升具有重要作用,但对创业学习通过何种途径促进新创企业成长的研究并不完善。因此,亟待深入解析创业学习对新创企业成长的影响路径。基于创业学习理论,引入创业机会识别和商业模式创新作为中介变量,构建创业学习与新创企业成长的多路径影响机制模型,并提出相应假设,探索新创企业成长的实现路径。以成立时间不超过8年的新创企业为研究对象,选取具有代表性的8个省(自治区)进行调研,调研范围涵盖制造、服务、贸易和高新技术等多个行业,运用Spss 21.0和Amos 21.0对726份有效问卷数据进行分析,采用相关分析、回归分析和Bootstrap等方法对研究假设进行验证。研究结果表明,①创业学习对新创企业成长具有正向影响,创业学习能够帮助新创企业在更新知识的基础上形成竞争优势,为新创企业成长奠定基础;②创业机会识别在创业学习与新创企业成长的关系中起部分中介作用,创业机会识别是创业学习与新创企业成长之间的重要媒介之一;③商业模式创新在创业学习与新创企业成长的关系中起部分中介作用,商业模式创新是创业学习影响新创企业成长的重要路径;④创业机会识别和商业模式创新在创业学习与新创企业成长的关系中具有链式中介作用,通过创业学习,新创企业识别机会的可能性得到提高,进而在利用具有潜力的创业机会基础上进行商业模式创新,将创业机会转化为企业价值,促进新创企业成长。研究结果丰富了创业学习理论,拓展了创业学习对新创企业成长的影响路径,对促进新创企业成长、提升创业成功率具有重要启示。新创企业要积极通过多种渠道进行创业学习,为识别创业机会和创新商业模式奠定基础,进而快速实现成长。

With the development of entrepreneurial activities in China,new ventures face pains in their growth.Many of them fail in the early growth stage,which makes it necessary to explore how to promote the new venture growth.Current researches reveal that entrepreneurial learning plays a vital role in the improvement of entrepreneurial performance.However,there is limited study on how entrepreneurial learning could promote the new venture growth.It is therefore becoming all the more important to explore the realization path from entrepreneurial learning to the new venture growth.Based on the theory of entrepreneurial learning,a model of multi-path influence between entrepreneurial learning and the new venture growth was established,and entrepreneurial opportunity identification and business model innovation were introduced as mediating variables.Based on 726 questionnaires from eight provinces,Spss 21.0 and Amos 21.0 software were used for empirical analysis to explore new ways to promote the new venture growth.The results show that entrepreneurial learning has a positive effect on the new venture growth.Entrepreneurial opportunities identification plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurial learning and the new venture growth.Business model innovation plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurial learning and the new venture growth.Entrepreneurial opportunity identification and business model innovation both play a chain mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurial learning and the new venture growth.The results enrich the theory of entrepreneurial learning and expand the path of entrepreneurial learning to new venture growth.The conclusion of the study is an important enlightenment to the promotion of new venture’growth and the enhancement of the success rate of entrepreneurship.The study would also help promote the new venture growth,the national entrepreneurship ecosystem construction,and the development of entrepreneurial economy in China.