《史记》中秦汉时期的妇女形象

On Women’s Image in the Period of the Qin and Han Dynasties in Historical Records

在我们的固有印象中,中国古代女性备受精神束缚,但秦汉时期的女性却呈现出个性解放、昂扬活跃的精神状态。《史记》中记载的几种类型的秦汉妇女形象都彰显出这种相对自由的特点:如思想开放的男女关系;相对自主的婚姻自由;能够参与政治活动;在社会上还拥有专属职业;在家庭关系中妇女地位也有提高。秦汉妇女相对自由的形象特点绝不是偶然产生的,这与当时的社会现实密切相关,如秦汉社会风气受先秦余风的影响;国家政策支持和统治者开放的心态;秦汉妇女在家庭经济中居于重要地位等原因。

In our inherent impression,ancient Chinese women were mentally constrained,but the women in the Qin and Han dynasties showed a personality state of liberation and vigorous spirit.Several types of Qin and Han women’s images recorded in Historical Records showed the characteristics of this relative freedom,such as open-minded men and women relationships,relatively autonomous marriage freedom,capability to participate in political activities,exclusive occupations in the society,and the improved status of women in family relationships.The relatively free image of Qin and Han women was not accidental,and it was closely related to the social reality of the time.For instance,the social atmosphere of the Qin and Han dynasties was influenced by the pre-Qin style,supported by national policy and the ruler’s open mind and women’s important position in family economy.