股东会决议无效的公司法解释

The Company Law Approach to Interpret the Voidness of Resolution Madeby Shareholders’ Conference

股东会决议无效是公司法上的特殊现象,在立法上宜做缜密细致的特别规定。然而,公司法和“公司法解释四”表述简约,在决议无效判断标准上诱发众多理论和实务分歧。我国就股东会决议效力规制,经历了从英美法向大陆法模式的转型。前者以1993年公司法第111条为代表,关注对股东会决议实施的控制;后者以公司法第22条为核心,强调对股东会决议形成的控制。在现行法下,对股东会决议无效规则的解释,不应采用概念法学分析路径,不宜搬用法律行为规则或侵权责任法的分析路径,应当尽力回归公司法解释路径,也即,斟酌公司关系的安定性、决议形成的程序性和效力控制的时间性,达成维护公司关系安定性与消除决议违法性的双重目标。在认定股东会决议违法无效时,应当从决议无效的本质出发,重视决议无效与撤销规则在适用中的交叉和互动,将违反公司本质、违反公司民主参与规则、违反强制性规定和违反公序良俗,作为股东会决议无效的一般法定事由。

The voidness of resolutions made by shareholders’conference is a special phenomenon in the company law,on which detailed rules need to be made by legislation.However,the current rules in both the Company Law and the Judicial Interpretation IV of Company Law are quite simple,causing many theoretical and practical divergences on the criterion for determining void resolutions made by the shareholders’conference,whose mode has shifted from the common law mode to the civil law one in China.The former is represented by Article 111 of the 1993 Company Law,which focused on controlling the implementation of resolutions,whereas the latter is represented by Article 22 of the 2018 Company Law,which focuses on controlling the formation of resolutions.The interpretation on the rules of the voidness of resolution made by the shareholders’conference should not follow the path of conceptualist jurisprudence analysis by copying juristic act analysis or tort law analysis,but should return to the path of company law analysis.Specifically,such analysis should consider the stability of company relationships,the procedure of the formation of the resolution,and the timeliness of the control of validity,so as to achieve the double objectives of maintaining the stability of company relationships and eliminating the illegality of the resolution.When determining the illegality and voidness of a resolution,the starting point should be the essence of the voidness of resolution,while emphasis should be put on the interaction between rules on void resolutions and rules on voidable resolutions.Therefore,the general statutory grounds of the voidness of resolution should be violation of the essence of company,violation of company democratic participation rules,or violation of mandatory rules or the public order and good morals.