2014-2019年深圳市龙华区鼠类及其携带汉坦病毒调查

Investigation of rodents and hantavirus in Longhua district of Shenzhen from 2014 to 2019

目的了解深圳市龙华区不同环境鼠类种群构成及密度,为鼠传疾病的风险评估及控制措施提供科学依据。方法采用笼夜法分别以番薯及烧腊为诱饵在深圳市龙华区城中村、市场及住宅小区内进行鼠密度监测,用ELISA法检测汉坦病毒抗体。结果2014—2019年,以番薯及烧腊为诱饵的捕获率分别为1.52%和6.36%,不同诱饵的捕获率差异有统计学意义(χ^2=223.2,P<0.05),优势种为褐家鼠,占75.48%;其次为臭鼩鼱(19.83%)。以番薯和烧腊为诱饵均显示市场内的鼠密度最高,其次为城中村,最低的是住宅小区(P<0.05)。汉坦病毒抗体总阳性率为14.81%,其中住宅小区(22.73%)的阳性率高于城中村(13.79%)和市场(10.00%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),褐家鼠、黄胸鼠和臭鼩鼱的阳性率分别为13.85%、14.29%、22.22%。结论深圳市龙华区鼠密度及汉坦病毒阳性率均较高,需加强灭鼠及监测工作。

Objective To investigate the species and population density of rodents in different habitats in Longhua district of Shenzhen city,and to provide scientific basis for the risk assessment,prevention and control of rodentborne diseases.Methods The cage-trap method was used to surveillance the species and population density of rodents at village in the city,market,residence community of Longhua district with the sweet potatoes and roasted meat as bait.ELISA was used to detect hantavirus antibody.Results From 2014 to 2019,the rodent capture rate of sweet potatoes and roasted meat as bait was 1.52%and 6.36%,respectively,and the capture rate was significant difference(χ^2=223.2,P<0.05).Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species,accounted for 75.48%,Suncus murinus accounted for 19.83%.Using sweet potatoes or roasted meat as bait both showed that the rodent density of market was the highest,followed by village in the city and residence community(P<0.05).The average positive rate of hantavirus antibody was 14.81%,with the highest positive rates in residence community(22.73%),followed by village in the city(13.79%)and market(10.00%),but with no statistical difference(P>0.05).The detection positive rate of Rattus norvegicus,Rattus flavipectus and Suncus murinus was 13.85%,14.29%and 22.22%,respectively.Conclusion The density and positive rate of hantavirus antibody of rodents in Longhua district were relatively higher,it is necessary to strengthen the rodents control and surveillance in Longhua district of Shenzhen.