试论浙江余杭小横山壁画墓飞天图像的民族化审美特征

On the National Aesthetic Characteristics of the Murals of Flying Apsaras in the Tombs of Xiaohengshan

浙江余杭小横山墓葬群是南朝时期的典型墓葬,墓中绘制的飞天图像具有民族化审美特征。从图像发展史看,该飞天图像具有佛教与墓葬信仰的双重宗教指向,同时兼具佛教飞天和汉墓羽人两个图像来源。从装饰审美特征看,一方面,飞天图像体现了民族化审美要求,既在整体构图上严格遵循对称规制,又在细节处蕴含着竭力破坏平衡、破坏对称的企图;另一方面,飞天图像的飞动形态与空间安排共同创造出环绕"飞舞"的动态视觉效果。在审美价值方面,小横山壁画墓飞天对于中国绘画技法与审美思想的追求,使它具有融合外来文化与本土文化的双重美学价值。

In the tombs of Southern Dynasties excavated at Xiaohengshan, Yuhang, Zhejiang Province, the image of Flying Apsaras with national aesthetic characteristics was unearthed. From the perspective of the development history of images, this image of flying Apsaras, which was based on the figures of both the Flying Apsaras of Buddhism and the immortals of Han tombs, has the dual religious references of Buddhism and tomb beliefs. From the aesthetic characteristics of decoration, on the one hand, it embodies the national aesthetic requirements because it not only strictly follows the rules of symmetry in the overall composition, but also contains an attempt to destroy balance and symmetry in the details. On the other hand, its flying form and spatial arrangement together create a dynamic visual effect of circling and flying. In terms of aesthetic value, the pursuit of Southern Dynasties tombs with murals at Xiaohengshan of Chinese painting techniques and aesthetic thoughts makes it have the dual aesthetic value of integrating foreign culture and local culture.