情境生成视角下教育田野研究的学科立场与质量评估

Disciplinary Standpoint and Quality Evaluation in Field Work from the Perspective of Context Generation

教育田野研究具有情境性和生成性的特点,情境性与生成性的和谐统一是教育田野研究的必然走向,情境生成也成为教育田野研究的独特视角。田野研究中的情境生成主要包括问题情境化、方法生成化以及结果认同化三个方面。从学科传统上看,具有人类学学科背景的研究者更注重研究的整体主义视角,注重与当今教育现象的整体性、复杂性和长期性相契合;而具有教育学学科背景的研究者更注重研究对象的生存境遇,赋予其更多的教育情感和人文关怀。情境生成的视角有效规避了不同学科立场"以方法为中心"的研究倾向,未来的发展趋势必定是注重多学科视角的合作与融合且"以问题为中心"。对教育田野研究成果的信度评估要基于其自身独特的价值情境,更多地尊重研究者在特定情境中的研究立场、经验事实和理论解释;对其效度评估则要以真实的情境为评判标准,直面研究情境中的具体对象,为读者提供理解与沟通的可能性,进而产生情境共鸣,以达成推广的目的。

Educational field research has the feature of contextualization and generation,the harmonious unity of contextualization and generation is the inevitable trend of educational field research and context generation has also become a unique perspective of it. The context generation of educational field research mainly includes problem contextualization,method generation and result identification. From the perspective of disciplinary tradition,researchers with anthropological background pay more attention to the holistic perspective of research and the correspondency of integrity,complexity and long-term of today ’s educational phenomenon,while researchers with educational background pay more attention to the living conditions of research object and give it more educational emotion and humanistic care. The perspective and context generation effectively avoid the "method centered "research tendency of different disciplines. The future development trend must pay attention to the cooperation and integration of multi-disciplinary perspectives and "problem centered". The reliability evaluation of educational field research results should be based on its own unique value situation,giving more respect for researchers’ research positions in specific situations,empirical facts and theoretical interpretation. And its validity evaluation should be based on the real situation,facing the specific object in the research situation,providing readers with the possibility of understanding and communication,and then produce situational resonance to achieve the purpose of promotion.