民族院校新工科建设的价值审视与实施路径

On Value Examination and Implementation Pathway of New Engineering Construction in Ethnic Colleges

新工科是国家基于新一轮科技革命和产业革命对工程人才的新要求而做出的工程教育改革决策,是我国高校未来工科教育改革的主方向。民族院校作为我国高等教育体系中的工科建设起步相对较晚的组成部分,积极开展新工科建设是保障更好践行服务民族地区产业升级、补齐工科领域短板和实现工科人才培养"供给侧"改革的重要抓手。结合民族地区文化、语言以及在"一带一路"背景下对工程人才的特殊需求,本研究发现民族院校在新工科建设中具有地域、生源和特色学科等比较优势,同时也面临着工科基础相对薄弱和办学条件相对滞后等困境。因此,民族院校在新工科建设进程中应当积极发挥比较优势,坚持以响应政策精神、服务区域产业和整合办学资源为原则,以打造具有特色的新工科课程体系、设置面向特定区域的新工科专业群、建成一批高水平的新工科教师队伍、搭建"非实体"的新工科平台和构建多元主体参与的新工科办学模式为抓手,协同推进新工科建设。

The new engineering is the national decision of engineering education reform based on the new demands for engineering professionals of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution. It is the main direction of the future reform for engineering education in our country’s colleges and universities. As the engineering construction in China’s higher education system,ethnic colleges and universities started relatively in carrying out the construction of new engineering courses,thus to actively conducting new engineering construction is to better ensure industrial upgrading in ethnic areas,and realize"supply-side"reform for personnel training in engineering field. Combining ethnic regional culture,language and special demand for engineering personnel in the backdrop of the "Belt and Road Initiative",this study finds that ethnic colleges and universities enjoy comparative advantages in the construction of new engineering in certain aspects,while at the same time they also face bottleneck situation including relatively weak foundation and insufficient education conditions for school operation. Therefore, ethnic colleges and universities should display their comparative advantages in the process of new engineering construction,adhere to the policy principle,serving the regional industry and integrating school operation resources,so as to create a new engineering curriculum system with special characteristics. It is necessary to set up a group of new engineering professionals in a specific area,to build a group of high-level new engineering teachers,and to build a new engineering platform so as to promote the construction of new engineering.