美国高校终身教职运行机制的特点及争论探析--以东南密苏里州立大学为例

The Features and Disputes about Operational Mechanism of Tenure in American Universities--Based on Southeast Missouri State University

美国高校终身教职制度的多元文化认同让教师获得了更多的话语权和自主性,实现了教师的学术自由和职业安全,并在创新和推动社会进步中发挥积极作用。以东南密苏里州立大学为例,终身教职运行机制充分体现了严肃性、公正性与包容性等特点。同时,由于委员会成员的主观局限性以及管理的不完善对招聘和晋升过程的消极影响亦可能导致失败的结果,如何解决终身教职聘后的个人发展和科研能力的继续提升以及完善聘后评估制度等争论,也是需要思考的。从长远看,高校亟需寻求更加科学合理的改革措施以消除现有机制的弊病而使之趋于完善。

The multicultural identity of the tenure system in American colleges and universities allows teachers to gain more voice and autonomy,achieve academic freedom and occupational safety of teachers,and play an active role in innovation and social progress.Take the operational mechanism of Southeast Missouri State University as an example to analyze the features of seriousness,impartiality and inclusiveness in the operational mechanism. At the same time,the subjective limitations of the committee members and the negative impact of the system and managerial imperfections in the recruitment and promotion process may lead to the failure. How to improve the personal development and scientific research ability after the tenure of employment and perfect the post-tenure evaluation,which is also the disputes needed to be resolved later. In the long run,colleges and universities will need to seek more scientific and rational reform measures to eliminate the disadvantages of the existing operational mechanism and make it more perfect.