产量过剩行业国有企业民营化对社会福利效应的影响研究

A Research on the Impact of Privatization of State-owned Enterprises on Social Welfare Effect in Overcapacity Industry

削减过剩产量是我国当前经济工作的重要内容之一,处于产量过剩行业的国有企业同样面临深化混合所有制改革的重点任务,然而在此背景下国企发展对社会福利效应的影响却缺少文献研究。为此,基于混合寡头理论,构建了以国有企业民营化为代表的混合所有制改革对产量过剩行业不同类型企业产量及社会福利效应影响的理论模型,并选取2008-2016年全国典型的6个产量过剩行业的面板数据进行实证分析。结果表明:国有企业民营化程度提高使国企产出水平降低,而民企及外企产出水平增加,社会福利水平具有下降趋势;产业补贴提高使社会福利水平呈倒U形趋势;产量限制政策的增强对民营化程度较低行业的社会福利效应呈现U形变化趋势,对于民营化程度中等行业的社会福利效应则呈递减趋势。据此提出应深入推进处于充分竞争行业的国企混改、补贴政策向研发环节转移、以资本引导调控产出及构建互利开放的对外市场格局的政策建议。

Effectively reducing overcapacity is one of the main contents of China’s current economic work. State-owned enterprises in overcapacity industries are also facing the key tasks of deepening the reform of mixed ownership. However, regarding the development of state-owned enterprises in the context of de-capacity, the specific impact of the social welfare effect is lacking in literature research. Based on the theory of mixed oligopoly, this paper constructs a theoretical model of the effects of mixed ownership reform represented by the privatization of state-owned enterprises on the output and social welfare effects of different types of enterprises under the background of excess capacity regulation. The panel data of six industries with overcapacity characteristics from 2008 to 2016 were selected for empirical analysis. The results show that the improvement of the degree of privatization of state-owned enterprises makes the output level of state-owned enterprises lower, while the output level of private enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises increase, and the level of social welfare a downward trend. The increase of industrial subsidies makes the level of social welfare increase first and then decrease. The downward trend of "U-shaped";the increase of production restriction policy has a "U-shaped" trend of decreasing the social welfare effect of the industry with lower privatization level, and the social welfare effect of the medium-sized privatization industry is decreasing. Based on the conclusions, this paper proposes policy recommendations that related governments should further promote the reform of state-owned enterprises in a fully competitive industry, transfer subsidy policies to research and development link, use capital to guide output control, and build a mutually beneficial and open foreign market.