从史巫之士到易儒合流——“易家”思想的演进路径

From Shamans and Historians to the Syncretism of Yi and Confucianism:The Evolutionary Approach of the Thought of the Yi School

“易”作为中国最古老的学术体系之一,历来为人所重视。历史上解读“易”,往往将其视为儒家经学的核心典籍,这一路径的弊端在于忽略了“易”在纳入儒家之前的学术发展与传承。事实上,“易”的思想经历了“易筮”“周易”到“易经”等阶段的发展与演变,不同阶段不仅有着自身的特色,更是形成了前后递进的逻辑脉络。仅仅以儒家视域来解读“易”,显然不利于我们认识和把握中国传统文化的全貌。从“易家”的范畴出发,不仅可以重新梳理“易”在先秦时代至汉代的演进路径,而且能够从独立于儒家的视域审视“易”的内在价值。

As one of the oldest scholarly systems in China,Yi(易the doctrine related to the core thought in the Yi Jing[Book of Changes])has always been valued.Historically,the Yi Jing was often seen as the essence of the study of Confucian classics.This approach has the disadvantage of ignoring the scholarly development and transmission of Yi before it was incorporated into Confucianism.In fact,thought on Yi underwent development and evolution:from Yi as divination and Yi as the Book of Changes to Yi as a Confucian classic.Not only did each of these stages have its own characteristics,they also formed a logical progression.To interpret Yi simply from the perspective of Confucianism obviously does not facilitate our understanding and grasp of the whole picture of Chinese traditional culture.If we set out from the Yi school,we can not only rearrange the evolutionary path of Yi from the pre-Qin era to the Han Dynasty,but also examine the internal value of Yi from a perspective independent of Confucianism.