深化体制改革中的产业创新体系演进——以中国高铁技术赶超为例

Evolution of the Industrial Innovation System in the Deepening of System Reform:A Case Study of China’s Catch-up in the World High-speed Rail Industry

立足于中国经济体制改革和高铁产业创新发展的实践,利用对业内18家核心机构、300余人次的调研资料,采用产业创新体系的分析框架,对高铁行业技术赶超现象进行历史与逻辑相统一的解释。研究发现:铁路制度的调整塑造了微观主体的技术创新激励,是解释中国高铁技术赶超的关键;市场需求的升级在高铁技术赶超中发挥了基础性乃至决定性作用,同时也是产业政策有效发挥作用的必要条件;产品开发平台对高铁装备制造业技术能力的提升至关重要,而引进创新与自主创新都是完善产品开发平台的手段,二者是互补的关系。高铁技术赶超经验的一般性与特殊性,为建设制造强国提供了有针对性的理论和经验启示。

Against the background of China’s economic system reform and the innovative development of high-speed rail industry,by using the survey data of eighteen core institutions and more than 300 person-times in the industry,and adopting an industrial innovation analytical framework,we explain,from the perspective of the unity of history and logic,the phenomenon of China’s catch-up in the high-speed rail industry in a historical and logical way.We found that the way railway adjustment shaped incentives for the technological innovation of micro-bodies is the key to explaining China’s catch-up in high-speed rail technology;the upgrading of market demand has played a fundamental and decisive part in this process and is also a necessary condition for industrial policy to play an effective role;and the product development platform has been essential for the upgrading of technology in the high-speed rail equipment manufacturing industry.Both introduced and independent innovations are mutually complementary means of improving the product development platform.The generality and particularity of experience in the catch-up of high-speed rail technology provide pertinent theoretical and empirical stimulus for building up major power in manufacturing.