俄罗斯对能源化工行业的期望、政策扶持与发展前景

Russia's Expectation,Policy Support,and Prospects of Energy and Petrochemical Industry

能源优势是俄罗斯的战略竞争力,同时又是俄罗斯能源依赖型经济脆弱性的来源。通过能源化工领域的投资和技术创新,提高资源的加工深度,探索经济发展从原料模式向高附加值发展模式转型,是俄罗斯2012年就确立并实施的基本国策。从实践效果看,在税收、进出口和补贴政策的扶持下,2012年以来俄罗斯能源加工深度、能源化工产品产出和化工聚合物净出口等方面的指标都有不小的进步,但仍存在出口产品多以低附加值的大吨位聚合物为主、高附加值化工产品需要进口、设备和技术高度依赖进口等问题。由于基础设施不完善,投资环境缺乏吸引力,许多大型石化综合体项目“胎死腹中”。综合各方面的因素,可以得出的基本判断是,俄罗斯能源化工行业要完成向高附加值转型的前景并不乐观,还有许多障碍需要克服。

Since 2012,Russia has been implementing a national policy of transforming from the raw material to a value-added model by investing in energy and petrochemical industry and technological innovation to enhance the depth of processing.Problems with the importation of chemicals with high added value,exportation of products with low added value,and reliance on equipment and technology import persist in despite of substantial progress in a couple of key aspects.Quite a few crude oil to chemicals complex projects failed owing to imperfect infrastructure and unfavorable business climate.This paper concludes that the prospect of Russia's energy and petrochemical transformation,with multiple obstacles to be tackled,is not optimistic.