视觉负后像对视觉搜索效率的干扰效应

Interference Effect of Visual Negative Afterimage on Visual Search Efficiency

为了探究视觉负后像对视觉搜索效率是否会通过颜色这一特征产生干扰,结合Van Lier后像和视觉搜索范式,通过两个实验考察了负后像对视觉搜索效率的干扰效应,并对负后像填充区域和原始发生区域进行了对比。实验结果表明,在有负后像的情况下,视觉搜索效率明显降低,但是不同颜色之间的差异并不显著;而负后像填充区域的干扰效应要弱于原始发生区域。研究结论对于进一步提高视觉搜索效率的颜色设计以及视觉负后像的新研究方法具有重要的参考意义。

The visual search efficiency is affected by the color of the display.When the distractor is close to the target color,the visual search efficiency will decrease,and the same effect can be found in the relationship between background and the target.Prior studies mainly focused on the influence of existing background and interference factors on visual search,without considering special visual factors such as negative afterimages.A negative afterimage is a visual phenomenon in which adaptation to a chromatic stimulus induces color perception of the opposite chromaticity after the removal of the stimulus.When appearing on the information search interface,the negative afterimage will be seen as the background or a distractor of visual search.This study is to explore the effect of visual image on visual search efficiency.In Experiment 1,we used a two-factor internal design of 2(with afterimage/without afterimage)×3(color relationship of afterimage color and search information:similar/complementary/neutral color)×2(ranget area:middle/point).We combined the van Lier afterimage with visual search paradigm using the red"cross-shaped"four-point star and the green"x-shaped"four-point star overlapping as stimulus material,two types of contours as inducing material with five English letters.Firstly,the color stimulus of 1200ms was presented,and then the contour of the four-point star with visual search information was presented.The subject found the target letter and reacted.After a1200ms visual mask,the correct answer was input,and the next trial was performed at intervals of 3000ms.A complete procedure comprised of 4 blocks:two block A(with afterimage)and two block B(without afterimage),and each block contained 30 trials(5 information places×3 conditions×2 contours).Reaction times and error rates were recorded.However,it had a lower afterimage perception accuracy than the prior studies and might further influence the result.To find out the effect of the added information on afterimage perception,in Experiment 2,we used a 2(with visual information/without visual information)×2(afterimage color:red and green)×3(information color:red,green and gray)design and adopted the same procedure as Experiment 1.After conducting repeated measurement analyses of variance for the obtained data,we found that:1)the main effect of the afterimage was significant(F=22.61,p<.001).In the case of an afterimage presented,the subject's RTs was significantly slower than in the case of no afterimage;2)The main effect of color was not significant,and the relationship between the color of the afterimage and the color of the search information did not significantly interfere with the visual search efficiency;3)The color-filled portion of the afterimage also had an interference effect as the visual search for the original afterimage;4)The added visual information did not weaken the perception of the afterimage color.These results show that the afterimage itself reduces the efficiency of visual search,and whether the color of the afterimage or other factors interfere with the visual search remains to be explored.