非目标工作记忆表征下颜色关联和抽象关联的注意捕获和抑制

The Color Related and Concept Related Attention Capture and Suppression in Non-Target Working Memory Template

采用工作记忆—视觉搜索双任务范式,探讨在非目标工作记忆表征下,颜色关联和抽象关联干扰子的注意捕获和抑制现象。实验一结果发现,颜色关联干扰子在快速反应阶段捕获注意,随后被成功抑制;抽象关联干扰子仍能捕获注意。实验二消除知觉凸显后,结果发现颜色关联条件的抑制消失,干扰子重新捕获注意。结果表明,有效抑制策略受不同关联干扰子加工先后顺序的影响,选择性抑制颜色关联干扰子,而颜色特征的凸显有助于抑制策略形成。

The target representation in working memory(target template)was found to capture attention through top-down control,non-target representation in working memory(non-target WM template)can also capture attention.Previous studies have claimed that there was a substantial and earlier color-based attention bias compared with concept-based attention bias.Strategic control of attention could modulate the size of distractor suppression in non-target template.The strategic effect could suppress memory-matching color.However,it is unclear whether concept-related suppression can also operate in non-target templates.This study mainly investigates whether the effective strategic suppression could modulate the procession of memory-matching distractors,and distractor suppression could be found in both color-related and concept-related conditions.The study would also verify the prominent status of perceptual salience contributing to the formation of strategic suppression.Using the typical dual-task paradigm to assess the relationship between WM and attention,two studies were designed.There were three WM matched conditions in Experiment 1 and 2,namely baseline,color-related and concept-related conditions.In baseline condition,no memory-matching item was present in the search array.In color-related condition,the color of distractors matched the color of the memory item.In concept-related condition,the meaning of word in distractors matched the color of the memory item.Participants were instructed to remember the memory item until the end of the trial.They were also clearly informed that the memory-matching item in the search array was always the distractor and never the target.Participants should actively avoid attending to the memory-matching item.Twenty-eight undergraduates participated in Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 respectively.The main difference between Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 was whether the distractors matching the memory item were salient or not.In Experiment 1,only color-related distractors were colored,while concept-related distractors and neutral distractors were white.However,all distractors were colored in Experiment 2.In Experiment 1,the results showed that the response times(RTs)showed no significant difference between color-related condition and baseline condition,while concept-related condition led to longer RTs compared with baseline condition.On the contrary,in the earliest trial of the RT distribution,the RTs of color-related condition were longer than baseline condition.The color-related distractors capture attention automatically at the early stage.The strategic suppression came online later in the color-related trials and was present in the slower RTs.In Experiment 2,the perceptual salience-related activity decreased.We found that the RTs of color-related condition were longer than the baseline condition,while the RTs showed no difference between concept-related condition and baseline condition.The results showed that attention capture was observed in the color-related condition,however,attention capture was not found in the concept-related condition.In conclusion,because of the priority procession of color-related distractors,they capture attention automatically at the early stage in non-target WM templates.Color-related attention capture will disappear when the strategic suppression comes online.However,the strategic suppression effect does not influence the concept-related attention capture.Finally,we found strategic suppression effects due to perceptual salience in non-target WM templates.