儿童期心理虐待对青少年网络欺负的影响:领悟社会支持及性别的调节作用

Childhood Psychological Maltreatment and Cyberbullying among Chinese Adolescents:The moderating roles of Perceived Social Support and Gender

近年来,网络欺负现象逐渐成为网络心理学研究的热点问题。青少年网络欺负的发生率约为60.8%,且每年都在呈增长的趋势,这对青少年正常的学习生活造成了严重的影响。故本研究主要探讨儿童期心理虐待对青少年网络欺负的影响,以及领悟社会支持和性别起到的调节作用。本研究以447名青少年作为被试(男生205人,女生242人,被试年龄范围为11~17岁,平均年龄为14.17±1.35岁),采用儿童期心理虐待量表、网络欺负问卷及领悟社会支持量表进行调查。运用SPSS 22.0及AMOS 21.0统计软件进行数据处理,Harman单因素法表明,本研究不存在严重的共同方法偏差问题。研究结果表明:(1)儿童期心理虐待与领悟社会支持呈显著负相关(r=-.14,p<.01),儿童期心理虐待与青少年网络欺负呈显著正相关(r=.44,p<.01),领悟社会支持与青少年网络欺负呈显著负相关(r=-.15,p<.01);(2)结构方程模型显示,模型各指标均达到了临界值(χ^2/df=2.67,GFI=.90,TLI=.91,CFI=.92,RMSEA=.07);(3)儿童期心理虐待对青少年网络欺负具有显著的正向预测作用(β=.21,p<.01),领悟社会支持对青少年网络欺负具有显著的负向预测作用(β=-.11,p<.05),同时,儿童期心理虐待与领悟社会支持的交互项对青少年网络欺负具有显著的负向预测作用显著(β=-.19,p<.01),简单斜率检验表明,对于低领悟社会支持水平的青少年,儿童期心理虐待对网络欺负有显著的正向预测作用(β=.54,p<.001);对于高低领悟社会支持水平的青少年,儿童期心理虐待对网络欺负的预测作用不显著(β=-.17,p>.05);(4)儿童期心理虐待与性别的交互项对青少年网络欺负具有显著的正向预测作用(β=.28,p<.001),简单斜率检验表明,对于男青少年,儿童期心理虐待对网络欺负有显著的正向预测作用(β=.54,p<.001);对于女青少年,儿童期心理虐待对网络欺负的预测作用不显著(β=.13,p>.05);由此可说明,儿童期心理虐待是青少年网络欺负出现的助推机制,而领悟社会支持和性别是青少年网络欺负出现的抑制机制,它可以弱化儿童期心理虐待对青少年网络欺负造成的创伤。

With the development of Internet,cyberbullying has gradually become a hot topic in Cyber Psychology.Previous study showed that the rate of cyberbullying was 60.8%among adolescents.Cyberbullying has caused many mental health problems for adolescents.Empirical studies have shown that childhood psychological maltreatment accelerates deviant behavior of adolescents,while perceived social support decelerates.Among many influencing factors,childhood psychological maltreatment and perceived social support were believed to be strong predictors,so the aim of the present study is to test whether childhood psychological maltreatment accelerates cyberbullying,and whether perceived social support and gender decelerate cyberbullying of adolescents.There were 447 adolescents selected from several middle school students from Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang province of China,of which were 242 females and 205 males,the range of the age is from 11 to 17 years old.The questionnaires included the Childhood Psychological Maltreatment Scale(CPMS),Cyberbullying Questionnaire(CBQ)and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support(MPSS).We used SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 21.0 to analyze the data,and the unconstrained approach method was used to analyze the moderating roles of perceived social support and gender.The results show that:(1)Childhood psychological maltreatment was positively correlated with cyberbullying(r=.44,p<.01),and childhood psychological maltreatment was negatively correlated with perceived social support(r=-.14,p<.01);besides,perceived social support was negatively correlated with cyberbullying(r=-.15,p<.01).(2)The theoretical model proposed by the present study fitted the data well(χ^2/df=2.67,GFI=.90,TLI=.91,CFI=.92,RMSEA=.07).(3)Childhood psychological maltreatment could predict cyberbullying positively(Β=.21,p<.01);Perceived social support could predict cyberbullying negatively(Β=-.11,p<.05);Interaction 1(Childhood psychological maltreatment×Perceived social support)could predict cyberbullying negatively(Β=-.19,p<.01),which revealed that the moderating role of perceived social support between childhood psychological maltreatment and cyberbullying was significant.A significant positive relationship was found between childhood psychological maltreatment and cyberbullying for the group with low level of perceived social support(Β=.54,p<.001),whereas this relationship was not significant for the group with high level of perceived social support(Β=-.17,p>.05).(4)Interaction 2(Childhood psychological maltreatment×Gender)could predict cyberbullying positively(Β=.28,p<.001),suggestting the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and cyberbullying was significant.Specifically,there was a significant positive relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and cyberbullying(Β=.54,p<.001)for the group with male adolescents,whereas this relationship was not significant for the group with female adolecents(Β=.13,p>.05).In conclusion,perceived social support and gender play moderating roles in the relationship between childhood psychological maltreatment and cyberbullying of adolescents.The present study provided an insight to solve the adolescents'cyberbullying in practice.