摘要
睡眠不足会对人的认知、情感和人际交互产生诸多影响。这种影响在社会情绪层面表现为个体情绪共情和认知共情的减少,易激惹性与愤怒情绪的增加;在社会行为层面则表现为亲社会行为的减少和攻击行为的增加。在睡眠不足状态下,情绪系统和认知系统功能连接的减弱可能是这些变化的潜在机制。未来应结合生态效度较高的睡眠操作手段,系统考察睡眠不足如何导致各种高级社会情绪的改变,以及这些社会情绪的变化如何导致社会行为的变化。
Sleep is important for our physical and mental health.Over the past decade,researchers have begun to focus on the impact of sleep loss on social interaction.The current article systematically reviews these studies and points out directions for further investigation.In terms of social emotion,interpersonal interaction involves a variety of prosocial and antisocial emotions,such as empathy and irritability/anger.Both correlational and experimental studies have found that emotional and cognitive empathy decrease with sleep loss,whereas irritability/anger increases with sleep loss.In terms of social behavior,interpersonal interaction refers to two,opposite types of behaviors.One is the prosocial behavior,which decreases with insufficient sleep.Specifically,sleep-deprived individuals are more selfish,distrustful of others,prone to betray others’trust,easily discontented with money sharing proposals,and being lonelier and less drawn into social interaction.The other is the aggressive behavior,which has been reported by many studies to exhibit a positive correlation with sleep loss.That is,the poorer the sleep,the more or stronger the aggressive behavior becomes.However,evidence from several experimental studies is mixed.According to a dual-process theory,the diminished functional connectivity between emotional and cognitive systems may account for the changes after sleep loss.Such neurocognitive mechanisms act on social emotion in two ways:in regards to the top-down process,the inhibitory control of emotion from the cognitive system would be weakened,resulting in a saturated and flattened response to emotional stimuli.This explains why sleep-deprived people are more irritable and angrier at negative stimulation.In regards to the bottomup process,cognitive system would fail to integrate information from the emotional system into higher-level cognitive judgement and decisionmaking,which means that although reactions from emotional system to stimulation are intensified,without cognitive integration,advanced cognitive functions such as emotion discrimination,internal mapping of one’s own affective state,and the ability to simulate the feelings of others,would be blunted.As a result,both emotional and cognitive empathy are disrupted after sleep loss.As for social behavior,the diminished functional connectivity between emotional and cognitive systems,specifically the disrupted bottom-up integration,may impair the motivational influence of social emotion on social behavior,leading to an indirect impact on social behavior after sleep loss.At the same time,the inhibitory cognitive control over behavior would also be weakened after sleep loss,resulting in a direct impact.Under the combined influence,although the motivation effect of anger/irritability on aggressive behavior may be diminished,enhanced irritability/anger and disrupted cognitive inhibition for behavior after sleep loss jointly increase aggressive behavior with insufficient sleep.Moreover,the impaired role of empathy in facilitating prosocial behavior,blunted empathy,and deficits in cognitive control over prosocial behavior jointly decrease prosocial behavior after sleep loss.Further studies should investigate the effect of sleep deprivation on high-level social emotions such guilt and gratitude and the motivational influence of social emotion on social behavior via sleep restriction,which has high ecological validity.
作者
杜伟
刘金婷
康冠兰
马宁
周晓林
Du Wei;Liu Jinting;Kang Guanlan;Ma Ning;Zhou Xiaolin(School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences,Peking University,Beijing,100871;College of Psychology and Sociology,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,518060;School of Psychology,Beijing Sport University,Beijing,100084;School of Psychology,South China Normal University,Guangzhou,510631;Institute of Psychological and Brain Sciences,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua,321004;School of Business and Management,Shanghai International Studies University,Shanghai,200083;PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research,Peking University,Beijing 100871)
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期438-444,共7页
Journal of Psychological Science
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目(31600928)
国家自然科学基金重点项目(31630034)
科技部973项目(2015CB856400)
深圳大学新引进教师科研启动项目(2018052)的资助。
关键词
睡眠不足
睡眠剥夺
睡眠限制
共情
易激惹性/愤怒
亲社会行为
攻击行为
sleep loss
sleep deprivation
sleep restriction
empathy
irritability/anger
prosocial behavior
aggressive behavior