射箭全球史试探:丝绸之路考古所见两种角弓考释

A Study on Global History of Archery:Illustration on Two Types of Composite Horn Bow Excavated from Archaeological Sites along Silk Road

综合运用文献研究与考古文物资料分析相结合的方法,辅以射箭运动的基本训练学规律与传统弓箭制作之田野实证,对新疆地区两种出土角弓进行考释。得出如下结论:弓弰翻卷的连弧蛇形角弓是斯基泰人基于骑马游牧的传统、野兽崇拜的心理、便利的北山羊角取材,在继承了亚述三角弓“翻卷的弓弰”设计理念后的革故鼎新;弓渊宽阔,弓弣微凹的插接型长弰角弓起源于公元前2世纪的帕提亚帝国。随着丝绸之路的贯通,交流频度与交流速度的激增使该器形迅速为整个欧亚大陆的民族所复刻。其中,中华文明赋予了其最重要的文化内涵,使原本用于战争的武器有了超越物态的“礼”的象征意义。

Through literature and archeologist study,the basic training principles of archery and the making of two traditional arches unearthed in Xinjiang Province were analyzed.It was seen that based on the horseback riding tradition,the worship of beasts and the taking capraibex horns,the“crimped siyah”of Assyria horn-bow,Scythians invented the serpentine type composite bow.The long-siyah composite bow with plug technology with broad limb and slightly concave grip came from the Parthian Empire in about second century B.C.Along with the prosperity of the Silk Road,the different nationalities throughout the Eurasian Continent reproduced such type of composite bow based on the effective and efficient communication via the Silk Road.The Chinese civilization endowed the most important cultural meaning to the composite bow,and made the bow more than a weapon.