论错案责任追究模式的拓维性建构

On the Improvement of the Model of Accountability for "Misjudged Cases"

法官错案责任追究制度有助于提升案件裁判质量、防治腐败行为。但现有的错案追究制度也引发诸多质疑,错案概念含混不清,错案认定标准难以确定,单纯以实体结果来评定错案与否,而忽视了法官的主观状态。错案责任应该以法官的过错与重大过失为根据,追究错案责任应做到主观过错、客观行为、危害结果的有机统一。同时,构建符合中国特色的法官豁免制度,对无故意或重大过失的错案予以责任豁免。这样才能保障审判权的正常行使,维护司法权威,最终实现司法公正。

The system of investigating the judge's responsibility for wrong cases is helpful to improve the quality of judgment and prevent corruption.However,the existing system of investigation for misjudged cases also raises many questions.The concept of misjudged cases is ambiguous,and the standard of misjudged cases is difficult to determine.The judge's subjective state is ignored,but only the substantive result is used to evaluate the misjudged cases.The responsibility of wrong cases should be based on the fault and gross negligence of judges.To investigate the responsibility of wrong cases,we should integrate subjective fault,objective behavior and harmful result.At the same time,we should build a judge exemption system with Chinese characteristics to exempt the responsibility of the wrong cases without intentional or gross negligence.Only in this way can we guarantee the normal exercise of judicial power,maintain judicial authority and finally achieve judicial justice.