联盟管理视域下的澳美与美韩同盟的差异性研究

A Study on the Differences Between ANZUS and US-SouthKorea Alliances from the Perspective of Alliance Management

澳美同盟、美韩同盟是美国亚太同盟体系的重要组成部分,对中国谋求良好、稳定的周边环境有着重要影响。随着中国的快速崛起,澳美、美韩同盟也得到了不同程度的强化。澳美、美韩同盟的性质存在着本质的差异,故而美国对二者的联盟管理方式也有所不同:不同程度的权力强制造成澳韩两国在美国亚太同盟体系中的地位差异;制度约束及权威引导不同则造成了二者功能上的差异;利益协调方式的不同导致二者的战略目标及冷战色彩不同。澳美、美韩同盟不仅面临“被抛弃”和“受牵连”的传统联盟困境,还陷入了经济上依赖中国、安全上依赖美国的联盟新困境。对此,中国应充分运用澳韩间的联盟差异和澳韩面临的联盟困境,遵循“两双”总思路,区分海陆侧重点,妥善解决地区热点问题;坚持“一带一路”大方向,关注南北支线新发展,重点推动东亚经济一体化;加强与澳韩两国间的经济与安全合作,从而影响其联盟内的“牵连”与“抛弃”认知,为自身的发展营造一个良好的周边环境。

ANZUS and US-South Korea alliances are important components of the US Asia-Pacific alliance system,which can exert important influence on that China seeks to maintain a kind and stable peripheral surrounding.With the fast rise of China,ANZUS and US-South Korea alliances have undergone reinforcement at different levels.The two alliances are fundamentally different,so the U.S.management of the two alliances is also various.The different status of Australia and South Korea in the American alliance system is caused by different degrees of power coercion.The differences of institutional constraints and authoritative guidance cause the differences in their functions.ANZUS and US-South Korea alliances have the function to restrain and prevent the rise of China,But they are also caught in the strategic dilemma of relying on China's market and the protection of the United States simultaneously.China should apply the alliance dilemma theory,make full use of the difference between ANZUS and US-South Korea alliances,follow the idea of"two pairs",distinguish the emphasis points between sea and land,stick to the"the Belt and Road Initiative",pay attention to the new development of the north south branch line,and strengthen the cooperation of economy and security with Australia and South Korea,and thus affect the cognition of"involvement"and"abandonment"in their alliance,and create a favorable peripheral environment for China's development.