三江平原七星河流域湿地植物多样性及影响因素

Study on wetland plant diversity and its influencing factors in the Qixing River Basin of Sanjiang Plain

湿地植物多样性是生物多样性的重要组成部分,在维护湿地生态功能和湿地生态系统稳定性方面发挥着极其重要的作用。为研究七星河流域湿地植物的多样性,选择七星河流域的七星河国家级自然保护区和三环泡国家级自然保护区,分别于2016年和2017年,对该流域内湿地植物进行了实地植物样方调查,共计调查194个样方,利用TWINSPAN进行了样方群落划分,并采用广义线性模型分析了影响植物多样性的影响因素。结果表明七星河流域湿地植物共有532种,隶属于80科,212属,主要群落类型为湿苔草-隐果苔草群丛;狭叶甜茅群丛;萍蓬草-狐尾藻群丛;漂筏苔草群丛;小叶章-臌囊苔草群丛;甜茅-芦苇群丛;芦苇群丛;貉藻群丛等,狭叶甜茅群丛物种多样性较单一,芦苇群丛的物种多样性较丰富。广义线性模型分析结果得出物种多样性与植被密度密切相关,植被密度越大,物种的多样性越小。为七星河流域物种多样性研究提供了重要的基础数据。

Wetland plants play a vital role in maintaining wetland ecology and ecosystem stability. In order to evaluate the diversity of wetland plants in the Qixing River Basin, two sites, namely, Qixing River Nature Reserve and Sanhuan Pao Nature Reserve, were selected for the study. A total of 194 plots were investigated in 2016 and 2017 using a 1 m quadrat survey, and TWINSPAN was used to classify the plots. The factors affecting biodiversity were analyzed using the generalized linear model. The results showed that there were 532 species of wetland plants, belonging to 80 families and 212 genera, in the Qixing River Basin. The main community types were Carex humida-Carex cryptocarpa association;Glyceria spiculosa association;Nuphar pumilum-Myriophyllum verticillatum association;Carex pseudo-curaica association;Calamagrostis angustifolia-Carex schmidtii association;Glyceria acutiflora-Phragmites australis association;Phragmites australis association;Aldrovanda vesiculosa association, etc. The indices indicated that species diversity of the Glyceria spiculosa association was relatively simple, and that of the Phragmites australis association was high. The results of generalized linear model indicate that species diversity is closely related to vegetation density, and the higher the vegetation density, the lower the species diversity. This study provides important basic data for the study of species diversity in the Qixing River Basin.