基于机会成本法的海洋保护区生态保护补偿标准

Eco-compensation standard for ecological conservation of marine protected areas based on opportunity cost method

建立海洋保护区已被公认为维持海洋生物多样性和防止海洋生态环境恶化的重要途径,而合理实施生态保护补偿是确保海洋保护区建设和管理成效、促进区域经济发展机会公平的关键手段。以土地、海域为载体,从机会成本补偿的角度出发,分别设置了机会成本补偿基数、区域调整系数、分区补偿系数和开发限度补偿系数,构建了海洋保护区生态保护补偿标准测算方法,并选取全国8个省(市)14个国家级海洋自然保护区开展了实证分析。结果表明:2015年案例区的机会成本补偿测算结果介于0.66×10^4-10.69×104元/km^2之间,河北昌黎黄金海岸国家级自然保护区和天津古海岸与湿地国家级自然保护区的补偿金额显著高于其他保护区,分别为10.69×10^4元/km2和10.47×104元/km^2,相比之下,其余12个保护区的平均补偿金额为1.70×10^4元/km^2。

The establishment of marine protected areas has been wildly recognized as an important way to conserve the biological diversity and to prevent deterioration of marine eco-environment.The sound implementation of eco-compensation is a critical measure to guarantee the effective construction and management of marine protected areas and promote the equalized opportunity of regional economic development.How to determine eco-compensation standard is one of difficult issues in eco-compensation research,and also a core aspect of ecological civilization construction in China.Opportunity cost method has been widely utilized in some practical fields such as grassland eco-compensation,watershed eco-compensation,agricultural eco-compensation,and eco-compensation in nature reserves.By comparison,it is found to be lag behind inresearch and case studies of the eco-compensation standard of marine protected areas.From the view of opportunity cost of eco-compensation,we used the cardinal data of opportunity cost eco-compensation,regional adjustment coefficient,zonal compensation coefficient,and development limit compensation coefficient to develop an approach of estimating ecocompensation standards for ecological conservation of marine protected areas,and then carried out empirical analysis in 14 national marine protected areas in 8 provinces or municipalities of China.The results showed that the estimated ecocompensation amounts were 0.66×104 to 10.69×104 RMB/km2 in those case areas.Among them,the eco-compensation amounts of the Changli Golden Coastal National Nature Reserve of Hebei and Tianjin Ancient Coast and Wetland National Nature Reservewere significantly higher than those of other protected areas with 10.69×10^4 RMB/km^2 and 10.47×10^4 RMB/km^2,respectively.In contrast,the average eco-compensation amount was 1.70×10^4 RMB/km^2 for the left 12 ones.