基于新一代互联网地址过渡转换技术的研究与分析

Research and Analysis Based on New Generation Internet Address Transition Technology

随着计算机网络的迅猛发展及人们日常生活的广泛使用,欧洲网络协调中心(RIPE NCC)于2019年11月正式宣布:全球所有43亿个IPv4地址已全部分配完毕。这意味着现有的IPv4地址资源已无法再分配给ISP(网络服务提供商)。为针对ipv4地址资源的耗竭,IETF小组在1998年规划设计了相对完善的新一代地址资源—IPv6,并于当年提出了新的IPv6协议草案标准。至此新一代互联网时代到来,新一代IPv6协议版本地址比IPv4协议版本地址容量更广、数据格式更为简洁、通信效率更高。但当前互联网社会所使用的设备几乎都是以IPv4地址协议来支撑,而IPv4与IPv6格式并不统一且协议内容并不兼容,这就导致了在相同层次不能进行相互替换的尴尬局面,因此在联网设备更换协议地址时就需要一种新的过渡技术来实现IPv4和IPv6协议之间的地址转换,从而达到不同协议类型网络间的数据通信。因此通过对目前比较流行的地址协议转换技术进行研究与分析,使网络工程技术人员了解ipv4与ipv6的过渡技术并能熟悉应用。

With the rapid development of computer networks and the widespread use of people's daily lives,the European Network Coordination Center(RIPE NCC)officially announced in November 2019 that all 4.3 billion IPv4 addresses in the world have been allocated.This means that existing IPv4 address resources can no longer be allocated to ISPs(Network Service Providers).In response to the exhaustion of IPv4 address resources,the IETF team planned and designed a relatively complete new generation of address resources-IPv6 in 1998,and proposed a new IPv6 protocol draft standard that year.With the arrival of the new generation Internet era,the new generation IPv6 protocol version addresses have wider capacity,simpler data format,and higher communication efficiency than IPv4 protocol version addresses.However,almost all devices used in the current Internet society are supported by the IPv4 address protocol,and the formats of IPv4 and IPv6 are not uniform and the content of the protocol is incompatible.A new transition technology is needed to change the address of a protocol between networked devices to implement address conversion between IPv4 and IPv6 protocols,so as to achieve data communication between networks of different protocol types.Therefore,through the research and analysis of the currently popular address protocol conversion technology,network engineering technicians can understand the transition technology of IPv4 and IPv6 and be familiar with the application.