相对贫困理论及其治理对策的研究进展

Research Progress on Relative Poverty Theory and Its Countermeasures

2020年以后,中国农村的绝对贫困问题将得到根治,相对贫困问题将成为国家贫困治理的主题。随着我国自20世纪下半叶以来的反贫困斗争的实践探索,尤其是中国特色精准扶贫的持续推进,学者们对贫困问题的研究也不断深入。由于贫困问题有其特有的复杂性、相对性、动态性,学者对贫困问题的研究视角、研究方法、评价标准也随着经济社会的动态发展而发生改变。本研究从相对贫困的概念界定、测度方法、归因研究、治理对策等四个方面进行相关文献的梳理并进行归纳总结,发现关于相对贫困的概念尚未形成一个统一的界定,且大多数研究主要停留在对相对贫困表象描述、重要性呼吁等层面或者一般性的治理政策建议上,在相对贫困的测度方法多采用单一经济物质指标,缺少对相对贫困进行深入系统的实证研究,从而制约了对相对贫困本质的认知和问题的有效解决。

After 2020,the problem of absolute poverty in rural China will be cured,and the issue of relative poverty will become the theme of national poverty governance.Since the second half of the 20th century,China’s anti-poverty struggle,especially the continuous promotion of poverty alleviation with Chinese characteristics,scholars have continued to study the issue of poverty.Because poverty has its own unique complexity,relativity,and dynamics,scholars’research perspectives,research methods,and evaluation criteria on poverty have also changed with the dynamic development of the economy and society.This study combs and summarizes the relevant literatures from the definitions of relative poverty,measurement methods,attribution studies,and governance strategies.It is found that the concept of relative poverty has not yet formed a unified definition,and most studies mainly stay.In the description of relative poverty,the call for importance,or the general policy recommendations,the single poverty indicator is used as a measure of poverty in the relative poverty measurement method,and there is no systematic and empirical study on relative poverty.It restricts the effective resolution of the cognition and problems of the relative poverty.