国殇叙事中的女性创伤书写——以《金陵十三钗》与《南京安魂曲》为例

The Women's Trauma Writing in the Narrative of National Sacrifice:Taking Thirteen Women of Jinling and Nanjing Requiem as Examples

作为最骇人听闻的大屠杀事件之一,“南京大屠杀”一度处于被遮蔽的状态,美国华裔作家张纯如发表长篇纪实文学《南京浩劫》改变了这种境况,其后相关的文学、影视作品大量涌现,“南京大屠杀”终于以一种高度自觉的创伤记忆书写的形式重现。美籍华人作家严歌苓的小说《金陵十三钗》和哈金的小说《南京安魂曲》,都把南京大屠杀、女性、异域文化三种元素汇聚在创作中,将战争中的女性作为书写重点,以戏剧化的激情或间离化的冷静态度,艺术地刻画日军对南京妇孺在身体与精神方面的双重凌辱与毁灭,两部具有“唤醒”使命的文学作品,以个性化的方式直面惨痛,敦促人们铭记历史、防止战争。

As one of the most appalling massacres,the Nanjing Massacre was once in a state of obscurity until the Chinese-American writer Zhang Chunru published a long documentary literature,Nanjing Massacre.Since then,a large number of related literary,film and television works have emerged to make the research of Nanjing Massacre has finally reproduced in the form of a highly conscious traumatic memory writing,among which,Yan Geling's novel The Thirteen Women of Jinling and Ha Jin's Nanjing Requiem both depict the three elements of Nanjing Massacre,women and exotic culture in their writings with women in war as their focus and artistically portray the Japanese army’s physical and spiritual humiliation and torture of Nanjing women and children.The two"awakening"literary works urge people to face the tragedy in a personalized way to remember history and prevent war.