搬迁农户耕地利用状况及其影响因素分析——基于贵州省201户集镇安置型易地扶贫搬迁农户的实证

On Utilization of Cultivated Land and Its Influential Factors of Poverty Alleviation and Relocation Households in Town Resettlement Sites --An Empirical Study on 201 Relocation Households in Guizhou Province

盘活搬迁农户耕地财产是事关易地扶贫搬迁农户后续持续发展的关键之一.根据实地随机调查的贵州省201户集镇安置型搬迁农户问卷数据,从耕地劳动力和资金投入状况、粮食产出水平、耕地处置方式等方面对比分析搬迁前后农户的耕地利用状况,并运用二元Logistic回归模型分析影响集镇安置型搬迁农户耕地利用的主要因素.结果表明:(1)集镇安置型搬迁农户在耕地种植劳动力和资金投入上均存在大幅度减少,粮食产量明显减少;耕地流转比例不高,耕地处置手段单一,耕地持续利用程度较低,其财产性增收难度较大.(2)集镇安置型搬迁农户户主年龄和务农人口平均年龄、非农就业人数比例和非农就业收入比例、人均耕地面积和退耕还林面积比例等指标对耕地持续利用具有负向作用;而户均劳动力文化水平、家庭年总收入、耕地种植面积和耕地流转比例则促进耕地持续利用.本研究认为各级地方政府应引导和支持新型农业经营主体流转搬迁群众的耕地进行规模经营,在有条件的集镇安置点组建劳务合作组织进行特色农产品种植,对符合退耕还林政策的陡坡耕地进行生态退耕,引导搬迁群众种植省工性经济林果作物,促使其耕地不撂荒.

Revitalizing the cultivated land property of relocated households is one of the keys to the follow-up sustainable development of poverty alleviation and relocation. Based on the questionnaire data of 201 relocation households in Guizhou Province, the cultivated land utilization of households before and after relocation have been compared and analyzed from the aspects of cultivated land labor force and capital input, grain output level, cultivated land disposal mode and so on, and uses binary Logistic regression model to analyze the main factors affecting the cultivated land utilization of relocated households in town resettlement sites. The results are as follows: 1)Relocated households in town resettlement sites had a significant decrease in the labor force and capital investment in cultivated land planting, the grain output was obviously reduced, the proportion of cultivated land transfer was not high, the disposal method of cultivated land was single, the sustainable utilization of the cultivated land was low, and the property income was difficult. 2) The older the age of the head of households and the average age of the peasant population, the higher the proportion of non-agricultural employment and the proportion of non-agricultural employment income, the larger the proportion of per capita cultivated land and the area of returning cultivated land to forest, and the smaller the possibility of sustainable utilization of relocated households’ cultivated land in town resettlement sites. And the higher the educational level of labor force and the annual total income of households, the more cultivated land planted area and the larger the proportion of cultivated land transfer, the more likely the relocated households will be inclined to sustainable use. Finally, it is believed that local governments at all levels should guide and support the new agricultural management subjects to transfer the cultivated land of relocated households to carry on the scale management, set up the labor service cooperation organization in the conditional town settlement sites to carry out the cultivation of special agricultural products, and carry out the ecological conversion farmland to the steep slope cultivated land which conforms to the policy of returning farmland to forest, guide the relocated households to plant labor-saving economic forestry and fruit crops, and promote the cultivated land not to be abandoned.