CRISPR技术在病毒学研究中的应用

Application of the CRISPR Technology in Virology Research

近年来,CRISPR/Cas系统凭借其操作简单、靶向精准、效率高等优点,在生物学领域的应用潜力备受关注。通过总结CRISPR技术在抗病毒药物潜在靶点筛选、疫苗开发、病毒核酸快速检测、病毒性疾病临床治疗等领域的应用,阐明了CRISPR/Cas系统目前面临的挑战及相应的解决措施。作为一种基因编辑技术,CRISPR/Cas系统可以快捷地筛选出多种病毒的潜在药物靶点;可以改造病毒基因组,为研发基因缺失活疫苗做储备;可以快速准确诊断病毒性疾病,也可以为乙肝、艾滋病等病毒性疾病的治疗提供新方向。CRISPR/Cas系统仍存在致癌风险、脱靶效应以及递送系统的安全准确性不足等问题。随着CRISPR技术的不断完善,该技术必将会给病毒性疾病的检测诊断与预防控制带来重大变革。

In recent years,CRISPR/Cas technology has been concerned in the field of biology due to its advantages of easy operation,accurate targeting and high efficiency.In this paper,its application in multiple aspects of virology was summarized,such as screening potential antiviral drug targets,developing vaccines,rapid detection of viral nucleic acids and clinical treatment of viral diseases.Then current challenges faced by the technology and relevant solutions were expounded.As a gene editing technology,it could rapidly screen out the potential drug targets against various viruses,transform virus genome to prepare for the development of gene deleted live vaccines,accurately identify viral diseases and guide to handle with viral diseases such as hepatitis B and AIDS.However,there were still some problems including risk of cancer,off-target effect,safety and accuracy of delivery system,etc.Otherwise,the detection,diagnosis,prevention and control of viral diseases would be greatly changed with the development of the technology in the future.As a conclusion,the systematic theoretical knowledge and innovative ideas were provided for the application of CRISPR/Cas technology in virology research.