温州历史上的瘟疫与防疫

Plague and Epidemic Prevention in the History of Wenzhou

瘟疫是古代中国屡见不鲜的顽症,温州历来是瘟疫常发地。钩沉古籍文献史料,征引正史、方志、笔记、医书、报刊、报告、诗文等,以年代为顺序,梳理1949年以前温州瘟疫的灾害状况,发现从唐代至民国,历代大型瘟疫史不绝书,清代及民国尤为详细具体。应对瘟疫,民间、官府、医界三方构成合力,展现出各种防疫抗疫措施,既有迷信与习俗行为,也有科学行为,其中不乏产生良好效果者,如早在北宋就实行隔离法。但鉴古知今,只有医学与科技的发展,才能真正控制与减少瘟疫的伤害。

The plague was a common chronic and stubborn disease in ancient China,and used to appear frequently in Wenzhou.By exploring ancient books,documents and historical records and quoting history books,local records,notes,medical books,newspapers,periodicals,reports and poems,etc.,the disasters of plagues in Wenzhou before 1949 were collated and summarized according to the time sequence.It is found that large-scale plagues frequently happened in the history from Tang Dynasty to the Republic of China.Relevant records in Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China are especially concrete.To cope with plagues,the folk,government and medical circle cooperated to form various epidemic prevention and anti-epidemic measures,including superstitious behavior,custom behavior and scientific behavior.Some gained good effect.For example,as early as the Northern Song Dynasty,the isolation method was implemented.But by referring to the history,only the development of medicine and technology can really help control and reduce the harm of plagues.