宋代瑞安曹氏家族科举仕宦考论——兼驳卢良秋《温州瑞安曹村进士数考证》

On Imperial Examinations of Cao’s Family in Rui’an in Song Dynasty--Argument on LU Liangqiu’s Textual Research on Number of Scholars in Cao Village,Rui’an,Wenzhou

宋代温州瑞安许峰曹氏家族,自南宋绍兴二十七年曹逢时首登进士第始,相继产生50位进士(文科27名、武科3名、特奏名20名)、5位侍郎,是温州士大夫家族的典型。卢良秋《温州瑞安曹村进士数考证》谓曹村共出进士82位,为中华进士第一村。该文考证失实,统计的数字并不准确,误将乡贡进士、漕贡进士等都计算在内。本文据清孙衣言《东瓯备志长编》中《曹氏门阀》一章及其他有关史料,对曹逢时生平略作考索,订正《建炎以来系年要录》之误,并对曹氏家族的宋代科第仕宦史实作一考辨。

Since CAO Fengshi took the lead to pass the highest imperial examinations in 1157 in the Southern Song Dynasty,50 scholars(including 27 for liberal arts,3 for martial arts and 20 for special position)and 5 assistant ministers appeared successively to Cao’s family in Rui’an,Wenzhou.Thus,Cao’s family was a model of scholarofficial family in Wenzhou.According to the records in LU Liangqiu’s Textual Research on Number of Scholars in Cao Village,Rui’an,Wenzhou,there were 82 scholars in Cao Village which was the first village in China in terms of the number of scholars.In the textual research,the statistical number is not accurate,because the scholars obtained from local examinations and from Cao examinations were also included.According to Cao’s Family of Power and Influence in SUN Yiyan’s Dong Ou Bei Zhi Chang Pian,and other relevant historical materials,the mistakes of Jian Yan Yi Lai Xi Nian Yao Lu were corrected based on CAO Fengshi’s life story.In addition,the historical facts about imperial examinations of Cao’s family in the Song dynasty were studied and compared.