从新冠肺炎疫情看应用心理硕士(MAP)的发展方向

Development Direction of Master of Applied Psychology(MAP):Reflections after COVID-19 Pandemic

新冠肺炎疫情发生以来,社会对心理学的需求存在三个基本趋势:远程心理干预成为应急心理健康服务的主导模式,社会心理服务需求成为全方位、全人群、全周期的基础需求,多元交叉、协同融合成为心理学服务社会的基本方式。反观当下承担心理学职业化人才培养重任的应用心理专业硕士培养模式,还存在体量小、对口少、门槛低、与学术硕士的培养界限模糊不清、以及忽视了国家治理需求等问题。为此,还需进一步优化顶层设计,拓宽人才培养途径;对接市场需求与治理需求,鼓励差异化的培养模式;统筹协调全日制与非全日制的招生导向与培养规模,并进一步探索互联网+教育、校地融合等多元化培养模式,从而推进专业硕士学位的长远健康发展。

The outbreak of COVID-19 has exposed many serious problems in China’s public health system as well as in the medical education system.It is important to learn from their lessons to improve the education system of psychology.During the pandemic of COVID-19,there emerged three basic trends in the social demand of psychology.First,the remote intervention has become the leading way of emergent mental health services.Second,diversified social-psychosocial services were needed by all people across all stages of the pandemic.Third,psychological services are needed and completed in a cross-discipline and integrated way.The education system of the Master of Applied Psychology(MAP)aims to provide professional talents in psychology-related fields.However,the population of MAP is still too small to satisfy all possible social needs,and there are few professional opportunities readily provided for them.Meanwhile,the threshold of MAP is too low to gain sufficient respect in the job market.There also exists anacademic-involution tendency of MAP that the current education practice of MAP places too much emphasison academic training but not on professional training.Besides,the needs of national governance are more or less neglected in the current model of MAP,which aims to meet market needs.Therefore,it is urgent to optimize the top-level design of the MAP education system to broaden the horizon of training that meets both market demands and governance needs.Differentiated training models should be encouraged and the quota of full-time and part-time MAP enrollment must be decided carefully.Besides,remote education,multi-site training,integration of universities and local governments,companies,and other social organizations are suggested to promote the long-term healthy development of MAP.