观念力量与制度建构:新中国农地制度改革的思想进路

Strength of Thought and Institutional Construction:Evolution of the Agricultural Land System Reform in New China

农地制度如何设计直接关系到农村及国家的生产关系。作为从国家建构到经济建设转换过程的逻辑之一,新中国农地制度改革围绕着土地所有权与使用权关系,两权之间形成了“分”与“合”的思想进路,并呈现出快速多变的制度特征。但不管哪一时段中,何种制度安排,其中始终蕴涵着三个一以贯之的制度理念:均分思想制度基因、公有观念制度内核、强化使用权制度取向,并在这三个“子制度”耦合而成的制度系统中,按照国家设定的政治、经济等目标进行多重演绎,只是会在不同时段因国家政治偏好及经济理性差异而“制造”出不同的土地产权制度安排。这已成为中国土地制度改革的逻辑起点和制度原型,时至今日这一起点和原型还依然约束并规制着未来农地制度的改革方向。

How the agricultural land system was design closely related to the productive relations of rural area and nation.As one of the logic thinking in the transformation process from national construction to economic construction,the agricultural land system reform in new China centered on the relationship between land ownership and right of use,and formed thoughts evolution of"division"and"combination"between the two rights,and presented the characteristics as rapid and changeable system.However,no matter what kind of system arrangement being applied,it always contained three systematic thoughts:equal distribution,concept of the public and strengthening the right to use.In the system with three combined"subsystem",there were different land property right system arrangements in different periods due to the country's political preferences and economic rationality.It has become the logical starting point and system prototype of China's land system reform,which still restricts and regulates the future direction of land system reform.