海南省69例新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病例的流行病学与临床特征分析

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in 69 Patients in Hainan Province

目的分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)确诊病例的流行病学与临床特征,为当地的病例发现与疫情防控提供参考。方法选取2020年1月18日至2020年2月29日,海南省人民医院收治的69例新冠肺炎确诊病例,对其进行回顾性流行病学特征及临床特征分析。结果69例新冠肺炎确诊病例中,轻型3例(4.35%),普通型54例(78.26%),重型3例(4.35%),危重型9例(13.04%);另有5例无症状感染者(7.25%)。治愈64例(92.75%),在院2例(2.90%),死亡3例(4.35%)。发病高峰为2020年1月22日至2月3日。确诊病例以离退人员居多、输入性病例以老年人居多,本地病例以青年居多。确诊病例的症状以发热(88.41%)、咳嗽(72.46%)为主。特征性CT改变有:多发小斑片影(92.75%)、肺外带明显(88.41%)、多发肺浸润影(88.41%)、多发磨玻璃影(88.41%)、双侧肺部病变(85.51%)等,肺实变少见。重型/危重型患者实验室检查多见淋巴细胞百分率降低(83.33%)、细胞绝对值降低(66.67%)、中性粒细胞百分率升高(75.00%)、肌酸激酶升高(41.67%)。结论控制疫情发展的关键在于加强流行病学调查,重视无发热的疑似病例;临床救治过程中应防止重症/危重症病例出现继发细菌感染及心肌损害。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in Hainan province,and to provide reference for local detection and epidemic prevention and control.Methods Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 were retrospectively analyzed in 69 patients admitted to Hainan General Hospital from January18 to February 29,2020.Results Among the 69 cases of COVID-19,3(4.35%) were mild,54(78.26%) were common,3(4.35%) were severe,9(13.04%) were critically severe,and 5(7.25%) were asymptomatic for infection.Sixty-four patients(92.75%) were cured,2 patients(2.90%) remained hospitalized,and 3 patients(4.35%) died.The peak onset of COVID-19 occurred between January 22 and February 3,2020.Most of the confirmed cases were retired persons,most of the imported cases were elderly people,and most of the local cases were young individuals.The main symptoms were fever(88.41%) and cough(72.46%).The characteristic CT findings included multiple small patchy shadows(92.75%),obvious lung periphery(88.41%),multiple infiltrating shadows(88.41%),multiple ground glass shadows(88.41%),and bilateral lung lesions(85.51%).Lung consolidation is a rare presentation of COVID-19.The main changes in laboratory test results in severe and critically severe patients included decreased lymphocyte percentage(83.33%),reduced absolute value of cells(66.67%),elevated neutrophil percentage(75.00%),and increased creatine kinase level(41.67%).Conclusion The keys to control the epidemic development are to strengthen the epidemiological investigation and to attach importance to suspected cases without fever.During the clinical treatment process,secondary bacterial infection and myocardial damage should be prevented in severe and critically severe patients.