永新县农村居民慢性病现状及特征分析

Current Situation and Characteristics of Chronic Diseases among Rural Residents in Yongxin County

目的了解江西省永新县农村居民慢性病的患病现状,分析其患病特征,为当地居民制定合理的慢性病防治政策提供有效的参考依据。方法在永新县3个乡镇利用分层整群抽样方法抽取了9个村委会的居民,在2013年和2016年两次入户进行调查;采用二元Logistic回归分析以及χ^2检验对资料分析统计。结果2013年调查了1773例、2016年调查了2568例永新县农村居民,2016年永新县农村居民慢性病患病率37.5%,较2013年的34.3%显著增高(P<0.05),15岁以上年龄组慢性病患病标谁化率基本与全国水平保持一致;在这两次调查中,永新县农村居民慢性病前四位顺位构成,高血压病位居第一、其次是结石病、慢性胃肠炎、颈腰椎疾病,两次调查未出现明显变化;多因素分析显示:女性、分居或离异或丧偶者、年龄较大者、重体力劳动者慢性病患病率更高(均P<0.05)。结论永新县农村居民慢性病患病率与全国农村平均水平基本吻合,亟待对老年人、女性、丧偶、离婚或分居者以及重体力劳动者等人群采取有效的健康干预措施。应加大慢性病防治力度,结合地区和人群特点,实施重点人群干预策略,降低慢性病患病率。

Objective To understand the prevalence and characteristics of chronic diseases among rural residents in Yongxin county,and to provide reference for the formulation of reasonable chronic disease prevention and control strategies.Methods The stratified cluster sampling method was used to randomly select residents from 9 village committees of 3 villages and townships in Yongxin county.Residents were surveyed in 2013 and 2016,respectively.Data were analyzed using the binary logistic regression and Chi-square test.Results A total of 1773 residents were surveyed in 2013,and 2568 in 2016.The prevalence of chronic diseases among rural residents in Yongxin county in 2016(37.5%) was higher than that in 2013(34.3%)(P<0.05).The standardized prevalence in patients aged above 15 years was basically consistent with the national level.The top four chronic diseases were hypertension,lithiasis,chronic gastroenteritis,and cervical and lumbar diseases.There were no significant changes in the two surveys.Multivariate analysis showed that the prevalence of chronic diseases was relatively high in females,separated/divorced/widowed residents,elderly people,and heavy physical workers(P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of chronic diseases among rural residents in Yongxin county is basically consistent with the average level of rural areas in China.It is urgent to take effective health intervention measures for women,elderly people,separated/divorced/widowed persons,and heavy manual workers.The prevention and treatment of chronic diseases should be strengthened and the intervention strategies should be implemented according to regional and population characteristics to reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases.